Knowledge that Transforms

The meaning of an imperfect market, 95. — Assumptions underlying the present analysis, 96. — I. The demand functions, 96. — II. Competitor's expectation of his rivais' behavior, 98. — His estimated demand function, 100. — III. Diagrammatic demonstration of attainment of equilibrium, 100. — IV. Equilibrium conditions for the general case, 103. — Conditions affecting the relative magnitudes of p1 and p2 in equilibrium: (1) differences in demand functions, 105; different methods of estimation, 106; (3) cost differences, 106. — V. Conditions under which equilibrium is stable and economically possible, 107. — Cases where the stability conditions are not fulfilled or where equilibrium is economically impossible, 114.

Journal Article A Note on the History of Business Corporations in Pennsylvania, 1800–1860 Get access William Miller William Miller New York University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 55, Issue 1, November 1940, Pages 150–160, https://doi.org/10.2307/1881671 Published: 01 November 1940

Classification of factors determining price rigidities, 474. — Characteristics of the product, 476. — Law or administrative decree, 481. — Concentration of control, 482. — Marketing techniques, 484. — Habits and customs, 486. — Contractual arrangements, 486. — Structure of the market, 487. — Conclusions, 488.

I. Earlier studies, 399. — Criticisms of these studies, 401. — Methods of meeting them, 402. — II. Assumptions underlying cross-section studies, 403. — The materials studied, 403. — III. The classical method, 406. — Frisch's method, 408. — Koopmans' method, 411. — IV. Values obtained for k and j, 414. — V. Analysis of averages per plant, 416. — VI. Probable flexibility and elasticity of the marginal productivity functions, 418. — VII. Analysis of labor's share, 419.

I. The problem, 455. — II. Sample and data: 149 out of 200 largest (1929) non-financial firms for which data are available, 457; basis for selecting executives for study, 457; sources and quality of data, 458. — III. Stockholdings: value and dividends, 460. — IV. Executive compensation, 465. — V. The various incentives compared, 466. — VI. Summary and conclusion, 470.

Purpose of the article, 130. — I. Dunlop's analysis of English data, 130. — Criticisms: movements of real wage rates in periods of rising money wages not very different from those in other periods, 132; rise in real wage rates due in some instances to a fall in the cost of living, 132. — Tarshis' analysis of data for the United States, 135. — His use of coefficient of association open to question, 135. — Other objections, 135. — Richardson's analysis of the English data involves analogous difficulties, 136. — II. Re-analysis of the English data, 137; of the American data, 143. — III. The concept of real wage rates used in these studies is of doubtful validity, 146. — Money wages and welfare, 148. — Conclusions, 149.

Scope and method, 1. — Two special cases: (1) spatial competition in one dimension, 2; entry into the market, 8; (2) brand and specification competition in one dimension, 12; entry into the market, 15. — Comparison between these two types of competition, 17. — Quality competition in four dimensions, 18. — The species market and the genus market, 18. — Comparison with Chamberlin's treatment, 19. — Entry into a genus market, 20. — Absorption of delivery charges, 22. — The difference between plant and enterprise, 24. — Price differentials and product diversification, 24. — The scale of output, 28. — The perfect competitive market: three assumptions of monopolistic competition, 28. — Conditions needed in order to establish a perfect competitive market, 30. — Perfect competition contrasted with monopolistic competition, 32. — Implications of the theory of monopolistic competition which remain to be explored, 34.

Chapter II: The Past and Future of Exchange Control Get access The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 54, Issue 4_Part_2, August 1940, Pages 159–217, https://doi.org/10.2307/1882620 Published: 01 August 1940

“A new and penetrating light descends on the spectacle…” (The Dynasts)

I. Introduction. Scope of the discussion, 246.— II. The meaning of "collective demand/" 247.— III. Rational consumers' choice requires knowledge of terms on which alternatives are offered, 248.— Compulsory payment introduces an arbitrary element, 249.— Minimum requirement for maximizing consumers' satisfactions and minimizing their sacrifices, 249.— Voting on projects and revenue plans, 249.— Difficulty of defining "purpose, " 250.— The problem of "ceteris paribus" 251.— Special difficulties in mixed systems, 251.— IV. Democracy no solution, 252.— Reversing a line of expenditure, 252.— Possibility of government's performing any function not denied, 253.