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Information asymmetry, monitoring, and the placement structure of corporate debt1We thank David Brown, Mark Carey, Stephane Chretien, Michael Cliff, Hemang Desai, Bob Dittmar, Charles Hadlock, Paisan Limratanamongkol, Karl Lins, Vojislav Maksimovic, Beverly Marshall, David Mauer, Erlend Nier, Russ Robins, Vic Sarna, Richard Shockley, Anjan Thakor, Joaquin Trigueros, Robert Weigand, Marc Zenner, and seminar participants at Texas A&M, Tulane, the 1996 FMA meetings, the 1997 WFA meetings, and the 1998 EFMA meetings for helpful comments. We are especially grateful to David Blackwell (the referee), and Clifford Smith (the editor) for suggestions that have improved the paper substantially.1

Journal of Financial Economics 1999 51(3), 407-434

On Portfolio Optimization: Forecasting Covariances and Choosing the Risk Model

Review of Financial Studies 1999 12(5), 937-974 open access
We evaluate the performance of models for the covariance structure of stock returns, focusing on their use for optimal portfolio selection. We compare the models' forecasts of future covariances and the optimized portfolios' out-of-sample performance. A few factors capture the general covariance structure. Portfolio optimization helps for risk control, and a three-factor model is adequate for selecting the minimum-variance portfolio. Under a tracking error volatility criterion, which is widely used in practice, larger differences emerge across the models. In general more factors are necessary when the objective is to minimize tracking error volatility.

Using Proxies for the Short Rate: When are Three Months Like an Instant?

Review of Financial Studies 1999 12(4), 763-806 open access
The dynamics of the unobservable short rate are frequently estimated directly using a proxy. We examine the biases resulting from this practice (the “proxy problem”). Analytic results show that the proxy problem is not economically significant for single-factor affine models. In the two-factor affine model of Longstaff and Schwartz (1992), the proxy problem is only economically significant for pricing discount bonds with maturities of more than five years. We also describe two different numerical procedures for assessing the magnitude of the proxy problem in a general interest rate model. When applied to a nonlinear single-factor model, they suggest that the proxy problem can be economically significant.

Time-Varying Risk and Return in the Bond Market: A Test of a New Equilibrium Pricing Model

Review of Financial Studies 1999 12(3), 631-642
Journal Article Time-Varying Risk and Return in the Bond Market: A Test of a New Equilibrium Pricing Model Get access Cynthia J. Campbell, Cynthia J. Campbell Iowa State University Address correspondence to Cynthia J. Campbell, Department of Finance, College of Business, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, or e-mail: [email protected]. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hossein B. Kazemi, Hossein B. Kazemi University of Massachusetts, Amherst Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Prasad Nanisetty Prasad Nanisetty Prudential Securities, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of Financial Studies, Volume 12, Issue 3, July 1999, Pages 631–642, https://doi.org/10.1093/revfin/12.3.0631 Published: 01 June 2015