Auditing, Auditor independence, Management Advisory Services

Auditing, Audit fees, Big Eight, Competitiveness

This paper tests the demand-side prediction of Datar, Feltham, and Hughes (1991) that new issuers of securities are more likely to choose a high-quality auditor and retain a lower level of ownership as the firm-specific riskiness of future cash flows increases. Previous tests of this hypothesis using U.S. data have generally been inconclusive, perhaps because an increase in the riskiness of client cash flows simultaneously increases an auditor's litigation risk and supply price. Our results using data from a significantly different legal environment (Canada) are consistent with the predictions of Datar, Feltham, and Hughes.

This paper examines how partners in an audit firm can use profit-sharing rules to induce optimal partner behavior from the firm's point of view, taking into account the strategic competition of firms in an auditing oligopoly. We use a linear contracting framework to investigate the effects of profit-sharing rules on individual partners' various decisions, including their pricing strategies and effort choices.We assume that efficient audits of different types of clients require different effort profiles with respect to degree of partner cooperation. For example, the audit of a complex company requires different amounts of partner collaboration than does the audit of a simple company. Moreover, since it is too costly for an enforcement party, such as the head office of an audit firm or a court, to verify each client's type in order to resolve compensation disputes among the firm's partners, it is reasonable to assume that client type cannot be contracted upon for partner compensation purposes. Given this assumption, we derive conditions under which there exists an equilibrium in which audit firms strategically choose different profit-sharing rules to specialize in different types of clients, thereby earning positive economic profits. Our analysis provides insights into the strategic competition among the big audit firms, and helps to explain the observed differences in the compensation plans of these firms and in the nature of their client portfolios.

This paper reports empirical tests of an hypothesized positive relation between audit quality and firm-specific risk that is predicted by Datar, Feltham, and Hughes' (1991) theoretical analysis of auditor choice when firms go public. Three types of proxies for ex ante firm-specific risk are used to test this relation: regression coefficients that theory relates to the firm-specific risk, ex ante proxies available from prospecti, and ex post variances in returns. Results from the first are moderately consistent with our hypothesis, while those from the latter two are either mixed or contrary.

We experimentally investigate the effects of a mandatory increase in education on the market for professional labor services when several service qualities are assumed to exist. We show that when suppliers have insufficient incentives to offer high‐quality services in a free market, an increase in mandatory education can improve the coordination of supplier decisions and increase efficiency. If suppliers voluntarily provide a sufficient quantity of high‐quality services, an education constraint can have the opposite effect. In both instances, however, an increase in the mandatory level of education can be expected to reduce the price of high‐quality services while increasing the price of lower service qualities. Résumé. Les auteurs ont procédé à une analyse expérimentale des conséquences qu'aurait une hausse imposée du niveau d'études sur le marché des services professionnels, si l'on suppose l'existence de plusieurs qualités de services. L'analyse démontre que lorsque les stimulants sont insuffisants pour inciter les fournisseurs à offrir des services professionnels de qualité supérieure dans un marché libre, une hausse imposée du niveau d'études peut améliorer la coordination des décisions des fournisseurs et augmenter l'efficience. Si toutefois les fournisseurs offrent de leur propre chef une quantité suffisante de services de qualité supérieure, le fait d'imposer un niveau d'études supérieur peut avoir l'effet contraire. Dans les deux cas, on peut s'attendre à ce qu'une hausse du niveau d'études obligatoire réduise le prix des services de qualité supérieure tout en augmentant le prix des services de qualité plus faible.

This paper examines the portfolio problem of an auditor who controls the level of audit quantity and then combines investments in general market securities with investments in risky audits. We note that an auditor cannot simply choose audits to add to the portfolio but, rather, that a portfolio is constructed indirectly through a process of bidding against competitors. Thus, our analysis yields a bidding function that provides an estimate of the minimum fee an auditor is willing to accept to serve a potential new client, given existing investments. We develop propositions concerning the effects of various portfolio characteristics on the fee bid. Finally, we discuss the possible impact of a portfolio view of audit risk upon the structure of the auditing industry.

Résumé. Les auteurs se penchent sur la question du portefeuille d'un vérificateur qui contrôle le volume de travail de vérification qu'il accepte et combine ensuite ses placements sur le marché boursier en général à ses placements dans des missions de vérification présentant un risque. Il est impossible pour le vérificateur, font‐ils remarquer, de sélectionner les missions de vérification qu'il désire incorporer à son portefeuille; un portefeuille se constitue plutôt indirectement, par l'intermédiaire d'un processus d'offres de service concurrentielles. L'analyse qui suit permet donc de formuler une fonction d'offre gráce à laquelle il est possible d'estimer les honoraires minimums que le vérificateur est disposé à accepter pour dispenser ses services à un nouveau client potentiel, étant donné ses placements existants. Les auteurs énoncent des propositions relatives aux conséquences de diverses caractéristiques du portefeuille sur les honoraires demandés. Enfin, ils traitent de l'incidence possible du risque lié à la vérification, envisagé dans l'optique du portefeuille, sur la structure du secteur de la vérification.