Capital Levies in Central Europe, 1919–1924 L. Rostas L. Rostas Manchester Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of Economic Studies, Volume 8, Issue 1, October 1940, Pages 20–32, https://doi.org/10.2307/2967414 Published: 01 October 1940

Journal Article The Nature of the Inducement to Invest Get access G. L. S. Shackle G. L. S. Shackle London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of Economic Studies, Volume 8, Issue 1, October 1940, Pages 44–48, https://doi.org/10.2307/2967416 Published: 01 October 1940

Variations in wage-ratios in different areas: conductors and brakemen, 370; typists and stenographers, 370; telephone operators and typists, 370; office work, 370; painters and plumbers, 372; common labor and skilled labor, 373. — Analysis of wage-ratios among railroad workers: engineers, conductors, brakemen, section men, 374. — National differences in these ratios, 375. — Swedish experience, 378. — Engineers and firemen, 378. — American experience, 379. — Length-of-service ratios, 380. — Economic ratios in general, 382.

Reviews the book "Time and Labor Saving Ideas in Accounting Procedures," edited by P.S. Seidman.

Reviews the book "Practical Budget Procedure," by John H. MacDonald.

Abstract It may be said that accountants are not in accord as to the content and arrangement of funds statements. The form suggested here is an attempt to improve that situation. As indicated it is first necessary to decide what is wanted from the statement before a determination can be made on what to put into it. The point of view adopted in this article is that the statement of funds is in reality a statement of the values, which came into the current section of the balance sheet and what was done with these values. Changes in other sections of the balance sheet are brought into the statement only to the extent that they involved the working capital of the company. By showing the gross profit-and-loss figures which affect the net current assets, the statement is made more significant, and the awkward and confusing method of starting with the net profit and adding back depreciation and similar charges is avoided. To treat the net change in working capital simply as a difference between increases and decreases is much clearer than the treatment of the net change found in the balanced form of report. Finally, the heading of the statement should give the ordinary reader a good idea of what to expect in the body of the statement.

Abstract The article discusses about various issues related to fixed and variable costs. In considering the problem of the adoption of uniform accounting principles, it would seem that not enough attention is given to the matter of interpretative reporting. Once the bookkeeping principles have been established, the matter of preparing statements is of the utmost importance. An unwritten law in accounting is that the statements should report exactly what is in the ledger accounts. Under commonly observed accounting principles the resulting statements are useful not so much for what is contained in the body of the statement as for what is contained in the footnotes. It is suggested that it might be well to repeal the above-mentioned law, and concentrate upon the preparation of reports that are suited to the individual needs of the persons to whom they are directed. The division of operating expenses into fixed and variable categories is suggested here only as one step toward making the income statement more useful, and it involves very little change from the statement form which is now being used in three out of five cases according to the quotation from Financial Statements.

Reviews the book "Land Economics," by Richard T. Ely and George S. Wehrwein.