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The global factor structure of exchange rates

Journal of Financial Economics 2023 148(1), 21-46 open access
We propose a model-free methodology to estimate international stochastic discount factors (SDFs) that jointly price cross-sections of international stocks, bonds, and currencies in markets with frictions. We theoretically establish a SDF decomposition into one global factor and a currency basket. We show that our global factor prices a large cross-section of international asset returns , not just in- but also out-of-sample, across different currency denominations. Moreover, the pricing ability of the global factor is largely independent of the market structure or the size and type of market friction.