I. Introduction, 465. — II. A neoclassical model of growth, 465. — III. The variable natural rate of growth, 466. — IV. Analysis of the variable path, 468. — V. Conclusion, 471.

I. Introduction, 79. — II. Expectations and conventional models of growth, 82. — III. A linear, variable accelerator, 87. — IV. Simple models of growth with variable accelerator, 90. — V. Conclusions, 92. — VI. Mathematical analysis, 95.

C. E. Ferguson, Cross-Section Production Functions and the Elasticity of Substitution in American Manufacturing Industry, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 45, No. 3 (Aug., 1963), pp. 305-313

This paper examines the relative efficiency of UK credit unions. Radial and non-radial measures of input cost efficiency plus associated scale efficiency measures are computed for a selection of input output specifications. Both measures highlighted that UK credit unions have considerable scope for efficiency gains. It was mooted that the documented high levels of inefficiency may be indicative of the fact that credit unions, based on clearly defined and non-overlapping common bonds, are not in competition with each other for market share. Credit unions were also highlighted as suffering from a considerable degree of scale inefficiency with the majority of scale inefficient credit unions subject to decreasing returns to scale. The latter aspect highlights that the UK Government's goal of larger credit unions must be accompanied by greater regulatory freedom if inefficiency is to be avoided. One of the advantages of computing non-radial measures is that an insight into potential over- or under-expenditure on specific inputs can be obtained through a comparison of the non-radial measure of efficiency with the associated radial measure. Two interesting findings emerged, the first that UK credit unions over-spend on dividend payments and the second that they under-spend on labour costs.