Journal Article Degrees of Competitive Speculation Get access J. E. Meade J. E. Meade London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of Economic Studies, Volume 17, Issue 3, 1949, Pages 159–167, https://doi.org/10.2307/2296275 Published: 01 January 1949

Journal Article Some International Aspects of British Cyclical Fluctuations, 1870–1913 Get access J. S. Pesmazoglu J. S. Pesmazoglu Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of Economic Studies, Volume 16, Issue 3, 1949, Pages 117–143, https://doi.org/10.2307/2295915 Published: 01 January 1949

Journal Article The Community Indifference Map: A Construction Get access William J. Baumol William J. Baumol Princeton University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of Economic Studies, Volume 17, Issue 3, 1949, Pages 189–197, https://doi.org/10.2307/2296278 Published: 01 January 1949

Journal Article On Optimum Tariff Structures Get access J. de V. Graaff J. de V. Graaff Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of Economic Studies, Volume 17, Issue 1, 1949, Pages 47–59, https://doi.org/10.2307/2295788 Published: 01 April 1949

In recent years increasing use has been made of systems of social accounts, and a variety of new types and new forms of presentation have been suggested. The general features of such systems are: (a) the division of an economy into a number of groups or economic entities, mostly themselves a complex of elementary units, and (b) a summing up in the form of accounts of the transactions of various kinds between these economic entities. As a rule, the economy of one country is investigated, implying that all other countries are regarded as one single group. The economy considered may be split up into a number of separate groups. It is customary to distinguish between consumers' households, business enterprises, and the government sector. If special attention is to be given to banking problems for example, banks will constitute a separate group.

At the prevailing exchange rates and price levels it appears that, considering the current items of the balance of payments of the United States, demand for dollars surpasses their supply. Or in other terms: American exports to the rest of the world (taking goods and services together) surpass imports from the other countries. For the moment, one of the chief reasons is the heavy reconstruction demand in many countries, particularly European, together with the low level of productivity in these areas. Many experts expect, however, that the disequilibrium will remain to some extent after the reconstruction period. The possibility of a permanent disequilibrium will hamper, they fear, even the action needed to solve the temporary dificulties. Granting credits for reconstruction to war-hit countries is not attractive unless in the long run an equilibrium will develop. It seems worth while, therefore, to investigate in some more detail the possibilities of restoring the equilibrium in the current items of the American balance of payments.

Journal Article Machlup on the Basing-Point System Get access J. M. Clark J. M. Clark Columbia University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 63, Issue 3, August 1949, Pages 315–321, https://doi.org/10.2307/1882257 Published: 01 August 1949

I. The isolationism of the orthodox, Marxist, and historical schools in their concepts of economic science, 439; in their distribution theory, 441. — IL Problems of definition and classification, 442; distinction between "ultimate" and working problem, 444. — III. Formulation of the ultimate problem of distribution theory, 445. — IV. The working problem of the orthodox or maximization school, 447; of the Marxist school, 451; of the historical school, 457. — V. Components of isolationism, 465. — VI. Origins of isolationism, 468. — VII. Conclusion, 471.