Relation to the proposed International Trade Organization, 439. — I. Background of the Ottawa Conference, 440. — The Ottawa agreements, 443. — Effects on Empire trade, 446. — II. Effects of Imperial Preference on the United States: United Kingdom, 451; Canada, 458; Australia, 461; New Zealand, 463; South Africa, 466; India, 467. — III. Conclusions, 468.

L. R. Klein, H. Rubin; A Constant-Utility Index of the Cost of Living 1, The Review of Economic Studies, Volume 15, Issue 2, 1 January 1947, Pages 84–87, https:

Abstract This article focuses on the changes that can be made to accounting textbooks so that they can be made more educational and student-friendly. Textbooks should all be published in loose-leaf format. Thereby they may readily be kept up to date. Many publishers gloss over income tax problems; others omit all taxation, because tax laws change so frequently that the book is too clearly dated. To bring out a new edition involves a lot of work and expense. Changing a page or a chapter is simple and cheap. Of course, the initial cost of publishing will be slightly increased; metal ring binders seem to cost more than permanent binding. Also, the publishers would have to insert, on all title pages, the street and number where they do business; so that the purchaser could order new material as it appears. Even the most elementary texts should stress taxation. Authors should take the utmost pains to stress the difference between good accounting and income tax accounting; and the means of keeping books to conform to both. The chapters on Social Security, and Withholding of Income Taxes, should appear in the front of the book, immediately followed by a chapter on Sales Taxes. The loose-leaf system would permit the omission of the last from books shipped to those happy states like New Jersey and Texas which are free from the inequities of sales taxes. The loose-leaf system would also permit separate chapters, each written by a local expert, on the peculiarities of the tax system of each state specifically applied to the small proprietor or partnership.

Abstract The article presents an introduction to the art of accounting. The art of accounting has long been the subject matter of study by those who would become accounting technicians-controllers, auditors, public accountants, cost accountants and the like. For the purposes of this type of study, objectives have been formulated, teaching methods have been devised and a substantial body of text and other material has been developed. As a result the education of accounting technicians goes forward on a reasonably adequate basis although by no means without numerous possibilities of betterment. At the same time popular education in the art of accounting has been woefully neglected. For many of those who are not interested in becoming accounting technicians only inadequate inducement has been offered and only inadequate reasons have been given, for the study of accounting; for those who have evinced an interest in the art, despite their lack of desire to become technicians, the opportunities for study have, for the most part, been limited to the courses and procedures available for prospective technicians.

Abstract Reviews the book "Cost Accounting Principles and Practice," 3rd ed., by James L. Dohr and Howell A. Inghram.

Abstract The article focuses on the importance of professional ethics in accounting. Many accounting teachers have recognized the desirability of including professional ethics as part of the subject matter of instruction of students who are preparing for the professional practice of public accounting. However not much has been done about it. It is good form to talk about the importance of ethics but subconsciously many practitioners and some teachers too are disposed to consider the subject of little practical significance. There is a disposition to relegate ethics, as a subject for active study and discussion, to that pigeonhole reserved for the abstractions which it is diverting to talk about in leisure time, but which are of no immediate concern in the daily business of life. This is a sad mistake. Leaders of the profession recognize and are saying with increasing frequency, that the future opportunities of public accountants depend on maintenance of public confidence. There is much more talk about public relations and public information but the codes of professional ethics and their enforcement are an essential part of the foundation for good public relations.