Journal Article A Generalized Comparative Statics in Linear Programming Get access M. J. Bailey M. J. Bailey New Haven, Conn. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of Economic Studies, Volume 23, Issue 3, 1955, Pages 236–240, https://doi.org/10.2307/2295729 Published: 01 December 1955

in 1960, the first birth control pill, afforded U. S. women unprecedented freedom to plan childbearing and their careers. This paper uses plausibly exogenous variation in state consent laws to evaluate the causal impact of the pill on the timing of first births and extent and intensity of women's labor-force participation. The results suggest that legal access to the pill before age 21 significantly reduced the likelihood of a first birth before age 22, increased the number of women in the paid labor force, and raised the number of annual hours worked.

The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments initiated the first large-scale use of the tradable permit approach to pollution control. The theoretical case for this approach rests on the assumption of an efficient market for emission rights. Our empirical analysis shows that the emission rights market created by the 1990 Amendments had become reasonably efficient by mid-1994. We also show that the auctions specified in the Amendments to jump-start trading had become a small part of the overall market. Finally, we demonstrate that the strategic bidding behavior discussed in the literature has had no effect on market prices.