This paper provides a unique opportunity to observe how a public policy affected the earnings of various interest groups at different stages of implementation. Specifically, we examine how the earnings of women, union members, and supervisory and professional staff were affected by various proposed and implemented comparable worth pay plans in Iowa. We find that large relative gains to women in the original proposed plans were reduced as the process evolved. As a result, some of the original gains to women were redistributed to union members, supervisors, and professionals.

This article examines the effect of public information on the orange juice market. The authors investigate the rationality, information content, and price effects of U.S. Department of Agriculture forecasts of the production of oranges. U.S. Department of Agriculture forecasts are found to be unbiased and efficient. The first forecast contains the most new information and subsequent reports become valuable only when freezes occur. Significant price movements occur in response to announced production in both Florida and California. However, the majority of price variations cannot be explained by these movements in supply.

The proportion of women in state government jobs and applicant pools is well explained by a model emphasizing supply‐side factors. Relative to men, women's supply is least sensitive to wages in predominantly male jobs and most sensitive to wages in predominantly female jobs. These results suggest that comparable worth policies that shift relative pay toward traditionally female jobs and away from traditionally male jobs will increase the proportion of females in male‐dominated, female‐dominated, and total state government jobs. The implication is that supply side responses need not prevent comparable worth pay adjustments from raising total female compensation.

This paper develops an empirically estimable model of occupational choice under uncertainty, given an individual's risk preferences and human capital and given the moments of the distribution of earnings within various alternative occupations. The model is estimated using data on entry-level occupational choices of high school graduates in Maryland school districts from 1951 through 1969. Our results confirm that increasing the mean and reducing the second moment of the earnings distribution significantly increases the log odds of selecting the occupation. In addition, occupational choice is affected by school quality and home inputs.

This article examines the effect of public information on the orange juice market. We investigate the rationality, information content, and price effects of U.S. Department of Agriculture forecasts of the production of oranges. U.S. Department of Agriculture forecasts are found to be unbiased and efficient. The first forecast contains the most new information, and subsequent reports become valuable only when freezes occur. Significant price movements occur in response to announced production in both Florida and California. However, the majority of price variations cannot be explained by these movements in supply. We are always talking about overproduction. There would not be any overproduction if we could get these oranges at a decent price to the people who … could use them. The children need them; they have so many vitamins. By keeping the price way up nobody can buy them and God knows, we get nothing for them. I sold my Valencias for 10 cents a box. I was offered 50 cents, and I thought I would hold out a little until I finally sold them for 10 cents.1

This paper provides a unique opportunity to observe how a public policy affected the earnings of various interest groups at different stages of implementation. Specifically, we examine how the earnings of women, union members, and supervisory and professional staff were affected by various proposed and implemented comparable worth pay plans in Iowa. We find that large relative gains to women in the original proposed plans were reduced as the process evolved. As a result, some of the original gains to women were redistributed to union members, supervisors, and professionals.

ABSTRACT This article examines the effect of public information on the orange juice market. We investigate the rationality, information content, and price effects of U.S. Department of Agriculture forecasts of the production of oranges. U.S. Department of Agriculture forecasts are found to be unbiased and efficient. The first forecast contains the most new information, and subsequent reports become valuable only when freezes occur. Significant price movements occur in response to announced production in both Florida and California. However, the majority of price variations cannot be explained by these movements in supply. We are always talking about overproduction. There would not be any overproduction if we could get these oranges at a decent price to the people who … could use them . The children need them ; they have so many vitamins . By keeping the price way up nobody can buy them and God knows, we get nothing for them . I sold my Valencias for 10 cents a box . I was offered 50 cents, and I thought I would hold out a little until I finally sold them for 10 cents . 1