Journal Article Rents, Rates and Incomes in Bristol Get access A. W. T. Ellis A. W. T. Ellis Bristol Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of Economic Studies, Volume 11, Issue 2, 1944, Pages 99–108, https://doi.org/10.2307/2295971 Published: 01 January 1944

I. The problem, 196.— II. Description of the industry, 198.— III. Description of the sample, 199. — IV. Timing of wage changes, 199.— Comparisons: regions and types of products, 205; ability to pay, 206; size of company, 210; unionization, 211; dividend changes, 212; summary, 213. — V. Wage-rate levels: the data, 214; ranking and grouping of mills, 214. — Comparisons: products and states, 215; profitability and financial condition, 219; size of company, 221; unionization, 222; community, 223. — Conclusions, 224.

IN ITS usual sense, the term inflation (for example price inflation) implies the increase in some index relative to its own value at some other time. In what follows the term relative inflation implies the increase (with time) of one index relative to another index. And the term will be restricted to mean an increase in the cost of finished goods relative to the cost of materials and wages. This relative cost will be measured by the product of the ratios (V'/M) (V'/W) = V'2/MW (' = value added, M = materials, W = wages). Increase in this relative cost may then be measured either by increase in V'2/MW or by decrease in MW/V'2 = B, say.2 When B decreases we shall have relative inflation of V' with respect to M and W, the only relative inflation herein considered.

Abstract The article presents information on bank reconcilement. The agreement of the cash balances in banks as they appear in the books of record with the amounts shown to be on deposit by the statements of those banks at certain dates involves different procedures under dissimilar circumstances. The bookkeeper-cashier of a business concern follows the procedure of making necessary adjustments for items in transit or in process of collection omitted in error from either the bank's statement or his employer's records. The auditor however, is interested in more than this mere arithmetical agreement of the two balances. An important initial procedure is the comparison of each paid check returned by the bank with the individual debit charged on the bank statement. This step may be omitted, or reserved for the final procedure in the event of a remaining unallocated difference. If the client's bank statements and paid checks, with other debit and credit memoranda, are sent by the bank to the auditor's office. Deposits also require the careful attention of the auditor, not only in checking the daily totals lodged in the banks, but also in the comparison of the details of some of the daily deposits as indicated in the cashbook with the details as shown on the deposit slips in the possession of the banks.

Abstract The article presents information on the use and development of statistical method. All things vary. There is no exact science. The best that one can do is lay down rules of action that may be used for doing things in spite of variations. The more "exact" science becomes, the more evident it is that the ultimate development of science leads to the statistical method. The statistical method provides a way of setting probability tolerances on chance variations and of pointing to the existence of variations that arise from assignable causes. The statistician possesses the tools for doing these things and for collecting data to make his tools effective in formulating rational courses of action. There are two kinds of variations and it is the task of the statistician to distinguish between them. Some variation arise from causes than can not be traced, or should not be, because one almost always only wastes time and money in trying to trace them. These are chance causes. The other kind of variation arises from all assignable cause, a cause that one is justified in looking for. The statistician must distinguish between these two different kinds of variations.

Abstract The article presents information on simplifying the presentation of compound interest formulas. The author presents the following plan as his recommended method for the teaching of this subject. The salient features of the plan are to limit the number of required formulas to three. First to restrict the number of symbols in all formulas to three or four. Secondly, it does not require an analysis or development of any formula and thirdly concentrate upon demonstrated analyses of an unlimited number of representative problems in terms of the three selected basic formulas. The writer is convinced that the intermediate accounting student should be given the benefit of the most simplified technique for solving his compound interest problems. By so doing a greater amount of classroom time can be made available for the analysis of each problem for the basic factors involved. Since practically all problems may be analyzed in terms of the basic formulas, the scope of such analyses is restricted to three principal categories.