A premium paid to a factor of production in one industry over the return earned by the same factor in the other industry in a two-sector model is a distortion that affects all factor prices and the general efficiency of production. It allows for the possibility that the industry employing the higher capital-labor ratio nonetheless pays labor a higher distributive share. In such a case, commodity outputs are inversely related to commodity prices. Furthermore, the paper explores how distortions can affect the shape of the transformation schedule and the optimal strategy to be followed by a factor of production intent on maximizing its returns.

The article focuses on readability as a measure of the performance of the communication function of financial reporting. Financial reports are prepared for a specific purpose. The premise adopted in this article is that the function of financial reporting is to communicate selected financial information. If this communication function is not performed, then financial reporting is nonutilitarian. Communication has been long recognized as a function of financial reporting. Communication occurs in financial reporting only if the meanings intended by the information source are assigned to the financial statement messages by the destination. Proper meaning assignment necessitates that the information source encode and transmit the selected messages such that the destination is capable of assigning the intended meanings. Ideally, the information source should be able to objectively measure the degree to which the intended meanings will be assigned to the selected financial statement messages. No such objective measure exists that can be applied to the entire financial statements. However, an objective measure does exist that can be applied to the footnotes to the financial statements. This measure is termed readability.

Recently, Cohen and Gujarati [2] have suggested that when multicollinearity is present there is “ …danger involved in mechanically dropping variables from multiple regression equations by t tests because t values of the regression coefficients may not be significantly different from zero when the true (population) values of these coefficients are in fact not zero…” The problem they discuss is not a new one and has been extensively treated in the existing literature. However, their approach is straightforward and will certainly aid the practitioner in his understanding of the problems associated with multicollinearity.