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A Stochastic demand CVP model with return on investment criterion*

Contemporary Accounting Research 1984 1(1), 77-86
The stochastic demand cost‐volume‐profit (CVP) model has recently received considerable attention. For this model, management must determine optimal production prior to knowing the actual demand, a stochastic variable with known distribution. Management must choose the production quantity to balance prospects for sales revenue against risks of losses from shortages and from unsold items. This paper develops an expected return on investment criterion model for determining the optimal production quantity. Formulas and solution methods applicable to general demand distributions are obtained. A special solution technique for normally distributed demand is presented. The resulting choice criterion offers the advantages inherent in return rate methods. In addition, compared to a profit maximization approach, the expected rate of return on investment criterion is more widely applicable. Résumé. Le modèle de demande stochastique coût‐volume‐profit (CVP), a récemment reçu considérablement d'attention. Avec ce modèle, la gestion doit déterminer la production optimale avant de connaître la demande actuelle, une variable stochastique ayant une distribution connue. La gestion doit choisir la quantité à produire afin d'équilibrer les perspectives de ventes et les risques de pertes résultant des pénuries et des unités non vendues. Cet article développe un modèle basé sur le rendement espéré du capital investi pour déterminer la quantité optimale à produire. On obtient des formules et des méthodes pouvant s'appliquer à des distributions de demande générale. Une technique de solution particulière pour une demande distribuée selon une loi normale est présentée. Ce modèle offre les avantages inhérents aux méthodes du taux de rendement. De plus, comparativement à l'approche de la maximisation du profit, le critère du taux de rendement espéré du capital investi, est applicable dans beaucoup plus de situations.

Accounting ‐ “one of the finest inventions of the human spirit”*

Contemporary Accounting Research 1984 1(1), 1-22
To commerce and to finance there can be great service given by accountancy. Its power, though, will not be fully known while bits and pieces stand apart, alone. To teach, to practise, to research, invent, is how the time of many has been spent. But cost of time and effort has been vain; for doubt, dispute, confusion still remain. A better prospect far there is in reach. If those who practise and research and teach were disciplined in such a way that each acknowledged that a common course of thought relates, for all men, to things sold and bought ‐ Accounting, then, might do the job it ought.