In this article, we replicate and extend several elements of E. Foxman, P. Tansuhaj, and K. Ekstrom's 1989 study of adolescent influence, while providing an integrative model of teenager influence and a new scale of perceived relative influence. Further, we examine the effect of parental employment status on teens' influence, as well as gender-based differences in perceptions. Motivational aspects, including product importance and usage, provided the strongest and most consistent explanations of teenagers' perceived relative influence across stages and purchase situations. In addition, parental employment status positively influenced teens' perceived influence of durable family purchases. Mothers and daughters generally did not differ in their ratings of the daughters' perceived influence in the durable purchase decisionmaking process, while fathers' and sons' ratings did differ.

Expectations are known to affect the encoding and recall of stimuli. In this study the impact of deviations from price expectation (reference price) on price recall error is assessed. We found that an assimilation pattern most adequately represents the relationship between deviation from price expectation and price recall error. When individuals err in price recall they err in the direction of their price expectation, i.e., an expectation effect. As hypothesized, this effect is much stronger and more consistent for less involving products than for more involving products.

Utilizing an involvement perspective and Punj and Stewart's (1983) interaction framework of decision making, the relationship between external search effort and a number of motivating antecedent variables is investigated and evaluated across five related consumer electronic products. The findings confirm four of five hypothesized relationships between total search effort and the following variables: purchase involvement (+), attitudes toward shopping (+), time availability (+), and product class knowledge (−). The relationship between ego involvement and total search effort was not significant. The influence of these variables upon a number of subindices of external search, including retailer search, media search, interpersonal search, and neutral sources search, is also investigated and reported.

This article compares and contrasts two methods of measuring consumer values: the List of Values (LOV) and Values and Life Style (VALS). LOV apparently has some advantages: it is in the public domain and it relates more closely to consumer behavior.