Journal Article Kleene's Profit and Wages Get access F. W. Taussig F. W. Taussig Harvard University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 31, Issue 4, August 1917, Pages 705–710, https://doi.org/10.2307/1884042 Published: 01 August 1917
Journal Article The Carnegie Histories of Commerce and of Manufactures Get access Arthur H. Cole Arthur H. Cole Harvard University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 31, Issue 2, February 1917, Pages 319–340, https://doi.org/10.2307/1883913 Published: 01 February 1917
I. Labor problems in contracts for cantonments, 121. — Arrangement for adjustment, June 1917, 123. — II. The same problems in emergency shipbuilding in private yards, 126. — A similar adjustment, 127. — III. Adjustment with Longshoremen, 128. — IV. Other cases; Conclusion, 130. — Appendix: text of documents on labor adjustment, 132.
I. Capital defined as wealth produced by labor and destined to satisfy wants in the future, 547. — The possibility of interest due to the fact that capital saves labor, 550. — Concrete illustration of the saving, 551. — II. Illustration of the circumstances which may affect the rate of interest under hypothetical conditions, the main conclusions of the present essay being suggested. — Capital quantitatively expressed in terms of labor multiplied by the time intervening between labor and enjoyment, 553. — III. Circumstances affecting the demand for capital: (a) The opening of new lands, 557. — (b) Inventions, 560. — Under certain conditions the ultimate effect of these circumstances is opposite to their immediate effect, 561. — (c) Variations in the aggregate consumption of society, 563. — Effect of such variations on the supply of capital, 564. — Supply of capital also affected by the quantity of labor expended, 567; which for a given population depends on the amount of leisure enjoyed and on the efficiency of labor, 568. — Conclusion on ultimate causes permanently affecting the rate of interest. — Why capital has always been able to earn interest, 569.
Unsatisfactory discussion of the subject by economists, 690. — The Binet tests of general intelligence, 691. — Applications in educational psychology, 692. — Application to relation between intelligence and earnings, 694. — Large possibilities of the method, 697. — Need of separating tests of intelligence from those testing environment and schooling, 698. — Vocational guidance, 701. — Conclusion, 703.
I. Importance attached by Interstate Commerce Commission to cost of service, 209. — II. Its early requirements as to separation of expenses, 212. — Summary of present (1915) requirements of the Commission, 213. — Maintenance of way, 214. — Maintenance of equipment, 215. — Traffic, 217. — Transportation, 217. — General expenses, 219. — III. Diversity in opinion as to maintenance of way, 219. — Distinction between deterioration and wear and tear, 221. — Standard of maintenance for passenger service, 223. — IV. Tabulation of various bases used for maintenance of way expenses, 225. — The train mile, 225. — V. The gross ton mile, 229. — The locomotive mile, 230. — The locomotive ton mile, 230. — The car mile, 231. — The train mile and car mile combined, 231. — The weighted train ton mile and locomotive mile, 232. — Direct expenses, 232. — Operating revenue, 233. — VI. Locomotive fuel, 235. — Effect of use of ten different bases in the Boston and Maine milk case, 238. — Cost accounting problems now being considered, 239.
I. Introductory. Method and purpose of this paper; Mitchell's figures subjected to more refined methods, 656. — II. Comparison of wholesale and retail prices, 658; lag of retail prices not clearly established, 659. — Producers' goods and consumers' goods; examination of annual, quarterly and monthly data, 660. — III. Raw materials, partly manufactured and finished goods move concurrently, 663. — Influence of raw materials eliminated, 664. — Dissimilar price fluctuations of producers' and consumers' goods, 665. — IV. Organic and inorganic goods; Sombart's theory tested, 666. — V. Wages in England and United States; closer relation between wages and wholesale prices in the former, 668. — VI. Summary and conclusions. Mitchell confirmed in part only, 671. — Annual figures not necessarily homogeneous; quarterly figures suggested, 673.
I. Earlier history of the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers, 674. — Its strength broken by the Homestead strike of 1892, 675. — Its policy suicidal, 676. — Gradually driven out of the Steel Corporation, 677. — II. The Association's annual agreements with the Western Bar Iron Association, 678. — III. Reasons for the continuing hold of the union, 681. — Dissension among the iron workers, 682. — The insurgent movements defeated, 682. — IV. Place of the Association in the sheet and tin plate industry, 686. — V. Its future dubious, 688.
I. Gasoline prices and profits, 636. — II. Dominant position of Standard companies, 638. — Interlocking stock, 639. — Price inequalities, 640. — Dissolution not effective, 641. — III. Remedies proposed, 642. — Prohibition of interlocking stockownership, 643. — Segregation of pipe lines, 645. — Publicity of statistics, 646. — Standardization of product, 647. — IV. Prices and joint cost, 648. — Methods of computing cost, 648. — Dangers from joint cost, 652. — Reasonable price, 653.
Recent reports on the sugar industry. The industry both agricultural and manufacturing; may be used to test the theories of marginal cost, representative firm, large and small scale production, 101. — Analysis by cost curves showing cane (or beet) costs, factory costs, and total costs, 105. — Analysis by coefficients of dispersion, 108. — Analysis by Pearson's formula for correlation, 111. — Analysis by frequency histograms and probability curves, 116. — Conclusions, 120.