Labor disputes formerly bitter in Fall River, 450.—The mule-spinners' union, 451.—The strike of 1904 and the first sliding scale, 455.—Dissatisfaction of employees, 456.—The new sliding scale of 1907, 459.—Higher wages in 1907–08, 461.—Lower wages in 1908, 464.—Acceptance of reduction by the labor unions, 465.—Further slight revision in 1908, 468.
The Minnesota Railway Valuation Get access G. O. Virtue G. O. Virtue Winona, Minnesota Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 23, Issue 3, May 1909, Pages 542–547, https://doi.org/10.2307/1884779 Published: 01 May 1909
I. The Returns of Productive Agents. Carver's statement of the universal principle of diminishing returns, 558.—Other writers have believed that a stage of cessation of return would be reached, 559.—The possible formulae for expressing the law, 564.—II. The Productivity of Capital. (1) Definition and measure of capital. The word not explained by the writers using it in this connection, 565.—First definition: capital as intermediary products, 567.—Difficulties of measuring capital so denned, 568.— Second definition: capital as advances, 571.—Third definition: capital as value advanced during a certain period of time, 572.—In this last sense, capital can be measured, 575.—This definition has been used more or less implicitly by various economists, 579.—(2) Capital and the period of production; how related under the definition proposed, 582.—Böhm-Bawerk's failure to consider the duration of advances, 584. (3) The productivity of capital. Böhm-Bawerk's view: the roundabout process more productive. Criticisms of this view, 586.—Its author does not prove it, only illustrates it, 589.—The thesis false, 592.
A Problem in Deferred Payments and the Tabular Standard Harry G. Brown Harry G. Brown Yale University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 23, Issue 4, August 1909, Pages 714–718, https://doi.org/10.2307/1883525 Published: 01 August 1909
Early construction by provincial governments, 657.—Vogel 's vast scheme of expansion in 1870, under general government, on borrowed money, 658.—Deviations from the original plan, through political influence, 660.—Expansion, followed by collapse in 1879, 661.—One important private railway, 662.—Bought up by government in 1908, 664. —The railways, narrow gauge and light, 666.—Traffic, rates, length of haul, 668.—Uniformity of rates, 670.—Commission administration, 1889–94, succeeded by direct governmental administration, 671.—Improvements charged to capital account, 672.—Net earnings insufficient to pay interest on debt, 673.—The deficit larger than the published figures indicate, 675.—Causes of the deficit, 678.—Railways should not be built or operated at financial loss because of supposed social utility, 685.—Recent movement for economy, 690.—Return to private ownership nowhere proposed, 692.
Diminishing Return, in social and static sense, points to bad proportions of labor to equipment, 594; in the social-dynamic sense, to changes in this proportion, 595.—Malthus' emphasis, 596.—The competitive-static law, 596; still a law of proportions, (a) in the technological sense, (b) in the value sense; the latter the important aspect, 598; relations of substitution and of complementarity for competitive purposes, 599.—Is the threefold classification of factors pertinent? 600.—Does the law apply only where land is used? 602.—Is the main reference to prices and to changes in prices? 603.—The applications to Distribution, 604; applications in general, 606.—Increasing Return restated as Law of Advantage (or Disadvantage) and Size, 610.—Not antithetical to the Law of Proportions, 612.—Readily mistaken for one aspect of Law of Proportions, 615.—Not dependent upon question of proportions, 616.—The applications, 617.
Journal Article Coffee "Valorization" in Brazil Get access Lincoln Hutchinson Lincoln Hutchinson University of California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 23, Issue 3, May 1909, Pages 528–535, https://doi.org/10.2307/1884777 Published: 01 May 1909
Outline of the manufacturing process, 110. — Improvements in the various departments since 1860, 112. — I. Preliminary processes: opening, picking, carding, and drawing, 112. — Relative importance of contributions by American and by English inventors, 120. — II. Ring spinning and mule spinning compared, 121. — Reasons why former predominates in United States and the latter in Great Britain, 129. — III. Preparation of warp yarn, 133. — Spooling, 133. — Warping, 134. — And Sizing, 136. — IV. Weaving, 140. — Plain looms, 143. Automatic looms, 144. — Comparison with methods of weaving in Europe, 147. — V. Variety of methods and machines for finishing the cloth, 152. — Bleaching, 152. — Printing, 153. — Dyeing, 153. — Mercerizing, 156. — Finishing, 157. — Significance of the improvements in the machinery and processes for manufacturing cotton cloth during the last fifty years, 158.
Cost of Living of the Working Classes. Report of an Enquiry by the Board of Trade into Working Class Rents, Housing and Retail Prices, together with the Standard Rates of Wages prevailing in certain occupations in the principal towns of the United Kingdom. London, 1908. [Cd. 3864.] Price 6s. Pages liii + 616. Industrial. Cost of Living in German Towns. Report of an Enquiry by the Board of Trade into Working Class Rents, Housing and Retail Prices, together with the Rates of Wages in certain occupations in the principal industrial towns of the German Empire. London, 1908. [Cd. 4032.] Price 4s. 11d. Pages lxi + 548.