State Bounties and the Beet-Sugar Industry Get access P. T. Cherington P. T. Cherington Harvard University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 26, Issue 2, February 1912, Pages 381–386, https://doi.org/10.2307/1884770 Published: 01 February 1912
The present system of taxation archaic, 482. — I. The Land and Grain Tax, 484. — Diversity of weights and measures, 486. — Divergences of taxes from the nominal levies, 489. — II. Customs, 492. — The Imperial Maritime Customs, 494. — Native Customs, 495. — Native Customs administered by Imperial Service, 498. — III. Likin, 499. — IV. The Salt Gabelle, 502. — V. The Grain Tribute, 506. — VI. Miscellaneous taxes, 507. — The finances in 1912, 509.
Dates of Books of Rates prior to 1558, that usually accepted as the first, 766. — Metropolitan rates (1507–36) precede the national valuations, 768. — Increase of valuations in 1558 and 1610, 769. — The Books contain valuations, not specific duties, except in the case of cloth, 770. — Other contents, 771. — The chief motives for the issue of the earlier Books were the desire for national uniformity and the need for reform of customs frauds, 772. — For the later books not the loss of Calais revenue but the necessity of adjustment to price changes and the increase of indirect taxation, 773.
I. General significance, 275. — II. Sickness and Disablement Insurance, 280. — Number and kind of persons insured, 281. — Tripartite source of contributions, 284. — Character of workmen's contribution, 285.— The kinds of benefit, 287.— Administration by "approved societies, " 289. — "Deposit contributors, " 294. — Insurance Committees and the doctor situation, 295. — National administration, 297. — III. Unemployment Insurance, 298. — The innovation of compulsion, 299. — Character of contributions, 300.— Administration, 301.— Constructive arrangements, 302.— Trade unions and voluntary provisions, 304. — IV. Ulterior effects, 305. — Economy and rising costs, 305. — Is an increasing sickness rate a sign of inefficiency? 307. — Effect on births, 309. — The minimum wage principle and its effects, 310. — The moral potency of risk and insurance, 311.
The Effect of Free Wool in the Northwest, 1893–96 Get access Robert C. Line Robert C. Line Harvard University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 26, Issue 3, May 1912, Pages 528–530, https://doi.org/10.2307/1883537 Published: 01 May 1912
I. The nature of value, 550. — A. Labor as a measure of value, 555. — B. Corn as a measure of value, 556. — C. Value and riches, 557. — D. “ Real” wages: alterations in the wage-rate, 558. — E. Alterations in the wage-rate in relation to price, 559. — II. The productivity of different kinds of labor, 561. — III. Rent, 563. — A. The rent of land, 563. — B. Comparative value of gold, corn, and labor in rich and poor countries, 568. — IV. Profits, 571. — A. Relation between profits, wages, and capital, 571. — B. Profits and interest, 575. — V. Bounties, 576. — VI. Taxation, 579. — A. The tax fund — gross and net revenue, 579. — B. Incidence of a tax on the produce of land, 580. — C. Incidence of taxes on wages and necessaries, 581. — VII. Colonial and foreign trade, 583. — VIII. Summary and conclusion, 585.
The Dissolution of the Powder Trust Get access William S. Stevens William S. Stevens Columbia University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 27, Issue 1, November 1912, Pages 202–207, https://doi.org/10.2307/1882675 Published: 01 November 1912
The different kinds of specialization, 68. — The woolen and worsted processes described and compared, 69. — Relative growth of the woolen and worsted branches, and their geographical distribution, 70. — Census figures showing the degree of specialization in each branch, 72. — Discussion of these figures, 74. — The organization of the industry in the United States compared with that in England, 78. — In France, 81. — In Germany, 82. — The reasons assigned by Professor Clapham for greater specialization in the worsted than in the woolen branch, 84. — Worsted fabrics and yarns "standardized"; woolen fabrics and yarns of such varying character as to preclude standardization, 86. — Other reasons for greater specialization in the wrorsted branch, 88. — The reasons why wool-combing is not so highly specialized in the United States as in England, 90. — The tendency toward greater specialization in wool-combing, 94.
Importance and difficulty of the subject, 107. — I. Review of customs theories, 108. — A priori theories of customs origins, 108. — Prise theory of Mr. Hall, 110. — Purveyance, 113. — Prise of merchants' goods, 113. — Prise commutations, 117. — The customs of 1275, 118. — Later history of the prise, 121. — The chain of errors in the prise theory, 123. — II. Local customs, 123. — Custuma ville, 124. — Periods in the development of local customs, 125. — Medieval and modern local customs compared, 127. — Local customs not to be expanded into national customs, 128. — III. Semi-national customs, 1050–1275, 130. — Lastage, 130. — Scavage, 133. — Ancient wine custom, 134. — The prise of wines, 136. — Recta prisa, 137. — Decay of these dues, 142. — IV. The customs experiment of King John, 143. — The fifteenth, 143. — The Great Winchester Assize of Customs, 144. — Failure of King John's customs system, 146. — V. Conclusion, 147. — Classification of customs, local, semi-national, and national, 147. — Efforts to create a national system, 1275–1347, 147. — Great influence of the local upon the national system, 148.
The agricultural area largely occupied by 1900, 2. — Proportion of land under cultivation in 1900 and 1910, 3. — Proportion of improved land, 4. — How agriculture will expand in the twentieth century, 7. — Increase in value of farm property, 11. — Slight increase in quantity of farm produce, 12: — Large increase in value of crops, 13. — Increase of prices proved, 18. — The years 1899 and 1909 representative, 24. — Agriculture is not keeping pace with population, 25.