Previous research literature is reviewed in light of certain weaknesses and inadequacies of drive theory explanation, indicating a need for a more cognitive approach. A more cognitive model, constructed in an expectancy theory framework, is presented as a plausible alternative explanation for possible effects of social facilitation on employees. Recommendations are made regarding directions of future research for testing the model.

System designs for a planning MIS, in particular settings, are developed. The designs are described by one or more information generation modes (personal, interactive, reports, and analysis) applied in a particular sequence. Each design is related to planning stages (formulation, conceptualization, detailing, evaluation, and implementation) and to planning in “simple” and “complex” environments.

In a recent article appearing in this journal [2] Jonathan Ingersoll developed a normative multidimensional security pricing model for the individual investor in which he corrected errors in an earlier attempt by William Jean [3] [4] [5] at developing such a model. The purpose of this correction is to clarify and correct certain parts of Ingersoll's correction of Jean's work.

I. Introduction, 689. — II. The analysis, 689. — The source of the error, 690.

A 21 sector input-output model of the 1972 U.S. economy is extended to include consumer demands, imports, and exports as endogenous variables, and used to analyze some consequences of the price control policy adopted to mitigate the impact of the quadrupling of world crude oil prices in 1973–1974. It is assumed that household consumption of goods is linearly related to prices. An equilibrium of the model economy is then computed by solving a quadratic program. It is shown that the price control policy is equivalent to subsidizing imported oil with revenues from a tax on domestic crude production. Equilibria are computed under this policy and in its absence. The comparison indicates the policy was effective in reducing the price index increase and GNP reduction that would otherwise have occurred, but at the cost of adversely affecting the balance of payments.

The article reviews two books: ?Work, Learning, and the American Future,? by James O'Toole; and ?Work, Aging and Social Change,? by Seymour B. Sarason.

Global production rationalization typically leads to a heavy volume of intercompany fund flows. By transferring only a netted amount of these payments, significant savings can be realized in the form of reduced foreign exchange spreads, float, and other transaction costs. However, if this netting is done by paper and pencil, opportunities to reduce transfer costs may be missed, especially where there is a complex pattern of cross-border transactions. The purpose of this paper is to show how mathematical programming can be used to design a netting system capable of minimizing the total costs involved in settling interaffiliate accounts.

One of the innovative and successful new markets developed in recent years has been the registered exchange for the trading of option contracts. Key innovations provided by the option exchanges include the standardization of some contractual terms and the creation of a central clearing corporation to serve as issuer and obligor of each option contract, thus severing the contractual link between a specific option writer and buyer. These changes have facilitated the trading of existing call options in the secondary market and have provided increased liquidity, continuous public reporting of prices, better information on trading volume and open positions, and reduced transaction costs.

Abstract Reviews the book "Phantasmagoric Accounting: Research and Analysis of Economic, Social and Environmental Impact of Corporate Business: Studies in Accounting Research No. 14," by Robert E. Jensen.

Both Philip Cook and Michael Jones-Lee criticize my assumption that the critical value above which the value of human life (VHL) exceeds is presumably at a level of reply, I develop an extension the original article, which eliminates this qualification, and reconstruct my in light of their comments. line with common usage, I had defined as expected discounted lifetime labor income (p. 47) without any subtraction of necessary expenditures as would be required in determining business income. However, such expenditures must be so subtracted properly define a meaningful income. As a leading accounting text emphasizes: In computing the (available dividends) a period all forms of expense incurred in the of such must be provided for (Eldon Hendriksen, p. 62). Put another way, all of business is a surplus and may be taxed or distributed without any loss of output (in the short run). The public finance literature has similarly recognized that should be deducted from [gross] income, regarding such outlays as a cost of production (Richard Musgrave, p. 171), and Adam Smith admonished that taxable should be defined as 'clear' income, or as above subsistence (Musgrave, p. 95). To define accurately, one must therefore subtract from gross receipts a level of expenditure which allows continued work and makes the individual indifferent between life and death. Only gross receipts above this level are potentially taxable or available safety expenditures. If a major share of gross receipts is taxed leaving funds less than (as measured by amount CO in Figure 2 of the original paper), the person will starve death, otherwise perish, or commit suicide. Thus any useful definition of net consistent with its inherent meaning as a measure of surplus must subtract from some measure of gross the expenditures necessary living. The same holds consumption. However, is difficult measure and possibly highly variable among individuals. I expect it is on average at a low level of income, as argued below. Given this change, my results are valid under all circumstances. That is, if C' = C CO and Y' = Y Y?, VHL > C'(= Y') in all cases. Graphically, the slope of the tangent any point on a curve, as shown in Figure 2, will always be less than the ray arising out of CO the intercept value on U. We have found that VHL = f(UIC')l (OU/OC')j * C', and the factor in brackets is the inverse of a'. Since it is also the slope of the ray divided by the tangent, from the previous line of reasoning, the quotient is always greater than one, a' is always less than one and the value of human life is always greater than consumption (where consumption and are defined of expenditures). Cook wishes to provide a relatively transparent derivation of Conley's major theoretical result, which avoids the complexity of his multiperiod model (p. 710). A simple of the main results is contained in my original footnote 16.' His last sentence is a reasonable caveat my origi-