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Earnings smoothing: Does it exacerbate or constrain stock price crash risk?
We examine the relation between earnings smoothing and stock price crash risk to evaluate the role of earnings smoothing on the downside risk of equity values. We find that, within firm, a higher degree of earnings smoothing is associated with greater crash risk; and this association, in the cross-section, is more pronounced for firms with fewer analysts following, smaller institutional holdings, and positive cumulative discretionary accruals. We also use stock returns to assess the economic significance of our results. We find that, controlling for firm fixed effects, earnings smoothing is associated with sizable negative returns in the quarter following the earnings announcement. Our findings caution investors about the downside risk of firms reporting smooth earnings, in contrast to the conventional belief that these firms are low in equity risk.
Idiosyncratic Return Volatility and the Information Quality Underlying Managerial Discretion
Variation in idiosyncratic return volatility from 1978 to 2009 is attributable to discretionary accrual volatility and the correlation between premanaged earnings and discretionary accruals reflective of information quality across firms. These results are robust to controls for firm operating uncertainty, growth options, business-cycle variations, and firm age and industry effects, and they highlight the importance of managerial discretion in determining idiosyncratic volatility.
The implication of unrecognized asset value on the relation between market valuation and debt valuation adjustment
Accounting Conservatism and the Temporal Trends in Current Earnings’ Ability to Predict Future Cash Flows versus Future Earnings: Evidence on the Trade‐off between Relevance and Reliability*
Accounting Conservatism and the Temporal Trends in Current Earnings’ Ability to Predict Future Cash Flows versus Future Earnings: Evidence on the Trade‐off between Relevance and Reliability
This research reports that an increasing level of accounting conservatism over the 1973–2005 period is associated with: (1) an increase in the ability of current earnings to predict future cash flows and (2) a decrease in the ability of current earnings to predict future earnings. We also find that usefulness of earnings for explaining stock prices over book values is positively related to reliability but not to relevance. Our results hold for the constant and full samples in both in‐sample and out‐of‐sample analyses and are robust to the use of alternative measures for relevance, reliability, earnings usefulness, and conservatism. Our findings about the relations among conservatism, relevance, reliability, and usefulness suggest a trade‐off between relevance and reliability and seem to indicate that the adoption of an increasing number of conservative accounting standards has a possible adverse impact on earnings usefulness through a negative effect on reliability.
Prudence comptable et évolution temporelle des propriétés prévisionnelles des résultats de l’exercice en ce qui a traitaux flux de trésorerie futurs et aux résultats futurs: constatations relatives au compromis pertinence‐fiabilité
Selon les observations des auteurs, l’augmentation du degré de prudence comptable au cours de la période s’échelonnant de 1973 à 2005 est associée aux facteurs suivants : 1) les propriétés prévisionnelles croissantes des résultats de l’exercice en ce qui a trait aux flux de trésorerie futurs et 2) les propriétés prévisionnelles décroissantes des résultats de l’exercice en ce qui a trait aux résultats futurs. Les auteurs constatent également que l’utilité des résultats pour expliquer le cours des actions par rapport aux valeurs comptables est en relation positive avec la fiabilité, mais non avec la pertinence. Les résultats de l’étude se vérifient pour l’échantillon constant et l’échantillon intégral, à la fois dans les analyses sur échantillon et hors échantillon, et ils résistent à l’utilisation d’autres indicateurs de pertinence, de fiabilité, d’utilité des résultats et de prudence. Les conclusions des auteurs au sujet des relations entre la prudence, la pertinence, la fiabilité et l’utilité semblent accréditer l’existence d’un compromis entre pertinence et fiabilité et paraissent indiquer que l’adoption d’un nombre croissant de normes comptables prudentes pourrait être préjudiciable à l’utilité des résultats en raison d’une incidence négative sur la fiabilité.