Capital Levies in Central Europe, 1919–1924 L. Rostas L. Rostas Manchester Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of Economic Studies, Volume 8, Issue 1, October 1940, Pages 20–32, https://doi.org/10.2307/2967414 Published: 01 October 1940

Journal Article The Nature of the Inducement to Invest Get access G. L. S. Shackle G. L. S. Shackle London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of Economic Studies, Volume 8, Issue 1, October 1940, Pages 44–48, https://doi.org/10.2307/2967416 Published: 01 October 1940

Variations in wage-ratios in different areas: conductors and brakemen, 370; typists and stenographers, 370; telephone operators and typists, 370; office work, 370; painters and plumbers, 372; common labor and skilled labor, 373. — Analysis of wage-ratios among railroad workers: engineers, conductors, brakemen, section men, 374. — National differences in these ratios, 375. — Swedish experience, 378. — Engineers and firemen, 378. — American experience, 379. — Length-of-service ratios, 380. — Economic ratios in general, 382.

Abstract The article discusses about various issues related to fixed and variable costs. In considering the problem of the adoption of uniform accounting principles, it would seem that not enough attention is given to the matter of interpretative reporting. Once the bookkeeping principles have been established, the matter of preparing statements is of the utmost importance. An unwritten law in accounting is that the statements should report exactly what is in the ledger accounts. Under commonly observed accounting principles the resulting statements are useful not so much for what is contained in the body of the statement as for what is contained in the footnotes. It is suggested that it might be well to repeal the above-mentioned law, and concentrate upon the preparation of reports that are suited to the individual needs of the persons to whom they are directed. The division of operating expenses into fixed and variable categories is suggested here only as one step toward making the income statement more useful, and it involves very little change from the statement form which is now being used in three out of five cases according to the quotation from Financial Statements.

Reviews the book "Land Economics," by Richard T. Ely and George S. Wehrwein.

Abstract The general use of a C.P.A. certificate as a means of measurement or recognition of an accountant's ability has become so widespread, and the certificate so coveted on the part of most accountants that it would seem as if all who are interested in the profession should be aware of the requirements for the certificate in the various states. In fact, knowledge of the accounting law and of the regulations imposed by the administrative board in each state is probably the first requirement of any potential applicant. The most uniform provisions in all states relate to the candidate's citizenship, his moral character, the examination and the granting of reciprocal certificates. All states require an applicant to be citizen of the United States or to have declared his intention of becoming naturalized. All states require a candidate to be of good moral character. The applicant is usually required to furnish three or more affidavits or references to indicate this quality. The most variable requirement of all is that of professional experience. This article is of help in visualizing the most common requirements.

Reviews the book "Turning Points in Business Cycles," by Leonard P. Avres.

Reviews the book "Time and Labor Saving Ideas in Accounting Procedures," edited by P.S. Seidman.