Knowledge that Transforms

less springs yielded enough, for in the estuary the water was of course brackish. F. H. tells me that I 'observed Ancient Britain, p. 583) that Caesar's forces could not possibly have been fed at Wissant.' Neither on p. 583 nor anywhere else. What I said (on p. 584) was that 'to transport [food] to Wissant without roads would have been a task of extreme difficulty,'—for wagons. As I did not then realise that Caesar may have thought it advisable to discard Boulogne in 54 B.C., lest he should be unable to clear the estuary in a reasonable time, I naturally argued that he would have preferred the port which was connected with the interior by roads to one which, as far as we know, was not. But, if he desired to avoid the difficulties of extricating his huge fleet from the estuary, it was not difficult to transport grain to Wissant on pack-horses; and, as I now know, if the ground is firm, even wagons can be drawn by oxen where there are no roads. It must not be forgotten that Caesar did not intend to stay long at Portus Itius: the north-westerly winds which delayed him for twenty-five days were unexpected and unusual.

Squirrels may harvest a far greater proportion of ponderosa pine cones than many foresters realize. This was evident while making a routine cone count on a number of permanent plots on the Stanislaus Experimental Forest near Pinecrest, California, in September 1952. Ponderosa and J effrey pines were the predominant spreiPs affected. Many ponderosa pines had more than half their total number of cones cut and destroyed. Notes