Knowledge that Transforms

Journal Article Five Mill Tax on Moneys and Credits in Iowa Get access John E. Brindley John E. Brindley Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 30, Issue 3, May 1916, Pages 588–595, https://doi.org/10.2307/1885241 Published: 01 May 1916

I. Is there currency inflation in Germany? 109. — Some reasons for doubting it, 111. — II. International payments where the movement of gold is restricted, 112. — Exchange in New York since 1914; sterling exchange in 1915, 114. — III. German exchange and its decline, 115. — German payments to the United States, 116. — American payments to Germany, 117. — The balance favorable to Germany, 119. — IV. Germany's balances unfavorable in other neutral countries, 119. — Settlements made via New York affect mark exchange, 121. — Scandinavian exchange and its adjustment, 123.

Introductory: Omnipresence of the rate question, 704. — Two phases in fire insurance, 705. — I. Mediums for fixing fire rates, 705. — Cooperative rate-making, 707. — Underwriters' associations, 707. — Abuses of the coöperative system, 709. — Lack of classified statistics, 710. — Discrimination, 711. — Control over brokers, 714. — The regulation of associated activities, 715. — The common law, 715. — Antitrust statutes, 715. — Anti-compact laws, 716. — State-rating acts, 717. — Regulatory statutes, 718. — Criticisms of state-rating acts, 720. Advantages of the regulatory statutes, 720. — II. Methods of fire insurance rating, 721. — Development of classification, 721. — The judgment system, 723. — The schedule system, 723. — The Universal Mercantile Schedule, 724. — The Analytic System, 725. — Defects of the schedule system, 727. — Rehabilitation of the classification theory, 727. — The Experience Grading and Rating Schedule, 728. — Objections to the classification theory, 732. — Advantages of the latest schedule, 736. — III. Conclusion: The proper medium for fire insurance rating, 736. — Adoption of a satisfactory and equitable rate method, 737.

The problem of depreciation in retroactive regulation, 546. — Principle of replacement cost discussed, 547. — Absurdity of using replacement cost new, 549. — Objections to deduction of depreciation answered, 552. — Depreciation under the principle of original cost, 555.

I. Depreciation in general and currency depreciation, 253. — Rates of exchange and exchange values, 255. — Depreciation in the accountancy sense, 258. — Currency depreciation, in three senses, 260. — II. The practical tests of currency depreciation, 261. — III. Premium on gold, 263. — IV. Derangement of the foreign exchanges, 268. — Sterling, francs, marks, 270. — V. The behavior of prices, 273. — Indications for England, France, Germany, 276. — Summary, 278.

Scope of this paper, 519. — I. The load factor important in electricity because of a peculiar technical situation, 521. — Relates especially to fixed charges, 523.— Load curves, 525. — Diversity as important as long hours' use, 527. — Explicit load-factor rates, 529. — Adequate metering practicable for large consumers, 531. — The load factor an instrument of price-differentiation; its application a matter of commercial policy, 532. — II. Quantity discounts in practice especially difficult to deal with, 533. — The grounds of especially low rates to large consumers; such rates tend to be discriminatory, 534. — Step and block rates, 536. — Effects of isolated-plant competition, 538. — Proposed density factor discounts, 539. — Differentiation thus instead of discrimination, 540. — III. Cost analysis only one among several elements in electrical rate-making, 540. — Differential policy in load-factor rates, 541. — Wholesale discounts, also, are actually differential, 544.

Statistics on Trade Unions, 1910 The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 30, Issue 3, May 1916, Pages 601–624, https://doi.org/10.2307/1885243 Published: 01 May 1916

Introductory: Pigou's theory of joint cost, 233. — I. Joint cost defined and analyzed. (1) Different utilities. Difference in utility capacity, 234; in market, 236. — Difference in utility means difference in assigning costs, hence discrimination, 236. — Difference in market may make joint expense in case of single commodities, 237. — (2) Necessity of common dependence on same expense. Physical v. economic necessity, 238. — Primary and secondary jointness, 239. — Mixed primary and secondary jointness, 240. — Wide range of necessary joint production, 241. — (3) No direct relation between expense and output, 242. — Constant and variable joint expenses, 243. — Vahdity of this distinction; overworked marginal analysis, 243. — II. Conclusions: (a) Complexity of the joint-cost concept, 245. — (b) Expediency of broad definition, 246. — (c) Relation between joint cost and monopoly as causes of discrimination, 247. — Suggestions for rate regulation, 249.