Knowledge that Transforms

Two principles: (1) cost-new, or replacement cost, (2) original cost, 616. — Tendency to adopt replacement cost alone, 617. — Original cost, neglected because thought difficult to ascertain, 618. — How it can be ascertained, 620. — How the principle of replacement cost is in practice departed from, 623. — Both figures should be before the rate-making tribunal, 624. — The problem of investment by later stock-purchasers, 626.

Number of farms and farm area of the South; size of farms in North and South, 482. — Value of the southern farm contrasted to that of the North; value of equipment, 483. — Tenancy conditions affected by the negro, 484. — Terminology on tenancy different in South from that in the North, 485. — Percentage of tenancy by States, 188O–1910; tenancy and colored farmers predominate in the cotton belt, 486. — Negroes gain over white farmers in possession of farms, 487. — Changes in proportion of cash and share tenancy; cash and share tenancy in relation to intensivity of cultivation, 488. — Tenancy and its relation to value of land, 490. — Relations to character of crops, to amount of live stock, to value of buildings, 491. — The negro tenant in the white districts, 492. — The "Renters' Union of America, " 494. — Length of lease, 495. — Forces which will counteract tenancy, 496.

Scope of municipal activity in Prussia, 329. — Limitations imposed by the Kommunalabgabengesetz, 330. — The municipal industries of Frankfort, 332. — Difficulty of estimating profits, 335. — Water works, 335. — Street-car system, 337. — Electric light and power plant, 341. — Harbors, 343. — The Verbindungs- und Hafenbahn, 348. — The canalisation system, 349. — Removal of garbage, 350. — Stockyards and slaughter houses, 351. — Public markets and baths, 351. — Pawnshop, 352.— Savings bank, 353. — Department of Supplies, 355. — Burials by the city (Friedhofs-Amt), 355. — The Special Fund for City Landed Property, 357. — The Erbbaudarlehenskasse, 361. — The Strassenneubaukasse, 361. — General Administration of Landed Properties, 363. — Funded and unfunded debt, 364. — Productive and unproductive debts, 365. — Percentage distribution of the funded debt, 366. — Growth of indebtedness, 368. — Special building funds, 368. — Other funds, 369. — Statistics of receipts and expenditures, 371. — Per capita taxation, 372.

The suit by the Government in the Circuit Court, 296. — Organization and growth of the Harriman system, 297. — Purchase of the Southern Pacific, 300. — Agreement with the San Pedro, Los Angeles, and Salt Lake, 302. — Relations with the Santa Fe, 304. — Competition prior to 1901, 307. — Effect of consolidation, 316. — Argument that the method of combination employed was legal, 319. — Opinion of the Supreme Court, 320. — Will dissolution impair efficiency in operation? 326. — Nature of the decree, 327.

The forms of trade-union grouping, 455. — Varying inter-relations of these forms in different periods, 456. — Dominance of the national union since 1897, 458. — I. Control over the local unions, 458. — Increase both in degree and extent, 459. — II. Control over the American Federation of Labor, 461. — Attempts to weaken this control, 464. — III. Control over the city federations, 465. — Rules regulating their composition, 469. — Rules regulating their activities, 471. — IV. Control over trades councils, 474. — Illustrated by building trades councils, 475. — Development of Building Trades Department, 476. — Rules regulating the activities of local councils, 476. — Inability of the Department to enforce its rules, 479.

The principle of a "competitive tariff, " 1. — "Legitimate" industries, 3. — The Tariff Board and the methods of revision, 5. — Sugar duty lowered at once, to be abolished after three years, 8. — Wool free, 11; lower ad valorem rate on woolens, 13. — The probable consequences, 15. — Moderate rates on cottons, 17. — Comparatively high rates retained on silks, 20. — Other changes: pottery (23), iron and steel (24), free list extended (25). — Administrative sections strengthened, to prevent evasion of ad valorem rates, 26. — Many reductions will be only of nominal effect, 28. — What the future may bring, 29.

Journal Article Karl Marx and Labor Legislation Get access W. E. Rappard W. E. Rappard Harvard University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 27, Issue 3, May 1913, Pages 530–535, https://doi.org/10.2307/1883377 Published: 01 May 1913

The constitutional amendment of 1913 and the new income tax, 46. — I. The "normal" and "additional" taxes; the minimum exempt; the scale of progression, 47. — Dividends exempt from the normal tax, 49. — II. Limited application of stoppage at the source; its possible advantages and disadvantages, 50. — How applied as regards salaries and other single payments, 52. — As regards interest on bonds, 55. — "Fixed and determinable incomes, " 56. — III. How minimum exemption is secured, 58. — IV. Return of income required; yet possible exceptions, 61. — V. The "additional" progressive tax, 65. — VI. Conclusion, 66.

I. Importance of the distinction between individual and social points of view, 115. — II. General meaning of the social point of view, 121. — 1. What is society? 121. — (1) Social-contract theory, 122. — (2) Social-organism theory, 123. — (3) Common-consciousness theory, 126. — (4) Conscious-commonness theory, 128. — 2. The application of the concept of society, 132. — (1) Society as a whole, 133. — (2) The social individual, 133. — III. The special meaning of the social point of view in economics, 136.

Journal Article Railway Rates and Joint Cost Get access A. C. Pigou, A. C. Pigou King's College, Cambridge, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. W. Taussig F. W. Taussig Harvard University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 27, Issue 3, May 1913, Pages 535–538, https://doi.org/10.2307/1883378 Published: 01 May 1913