I. The Electric Lamp Combination; relation to General Electrical Company, 594. — Control of tantalum and tungsten filaments, 600. — Circuit Court decree of 1911, 601. — II. The Keystone Watch Case Company, 602. — Methods of destroying competition, 607. — III. The United Shoe Machinery Company, 608. — IV. The Consolidation Coal Company; how related to Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, 613. — V. The Bath Tub Pool, 617. — Control of the jobbing trade, 623. — VI. The Cash Register Company, 625. — Deliberate destructive competition, 626. — VII. Combination of Wholesale and Retail Dealers, 630. — Michigan lumber retailers, 632. — Other lumber retailers, 634. — Wholesale lumber dealers, 637. — Pacific Coast jobbers of plumbing supplies, 640. — Southern Wholesale Grocers' Association, 641. — VIII. Conclusion, 642.

Introduction, 444. — Period I. Organization of the first combination in the explosives trade, 445. — The Council, 446. — Compacts with the California Powder Works, 447. — Amendment of the Articles of Association, 448. — The Agreement of 1886, 450. — Fundamental Agreement of 1889, 452. — Period II. Competition between 1890 and 1894, 454. — Revision of the Fundamental Agreement, 456. — The "Understanding" of 1896, 456. — Advance in the prices of powder subsequent to 1896, 457. — Contests against new competitors, 459. — Miscellaneous agreements looking to more complete control, 460. — Early combination in the Dynamite Trade, 462. — Acquisitions of the Eastern Dynamite Company, 465. — Origin of the European Agreement, 465. — Its terms, 466. — The Mexican Agreement, 467. — Period III. The organization of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Delaware Corporation of 1902, 470. — Relation of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company and Laflin and Rand to subsidiaries, 471. — Option upon Laflin and Rand, 472. — The Delaware Securities Company, 472. — The Delaware Investment Company, 473. — Relations of the Companies outside of the combination, 474. — E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company of Pennsylvania, 475. — The California Investment Company, 476. — International Smokeless Powder and Chemical Company, 477. — Percentage of control exercised, 478. — Prices, 478. — Dissolution of subsidiaries, 479. — Decision of the Circuit Court, 480.

The Dissolution of the Powder Trust Get access William S. Stevens William S. Stevens Columbia University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 27, Issue 1, November 1912, Pages 202–207, https://doi.org/10.2307/1882675 Published: 01 November 1912

Importance and difficulty of the subject, 107. — I. Review of customs theories, 108. — A priori theories of customs origins, 108. — Prise theory of Mr. Hall, 110. — Purveyance, 113. — Prise of merchants' goods, 113. — Prise commutations, 117. — The customs of 1275, 118. — Later history of the prise, 121. — The chain of errors in the prise theory, 123. — II. Local customs, 123. — Custuma ville, 124. — Periods in the development of local customs, 125. — Medieval and modern local customs compared, 127. — Local customs not to be expanded into national customs, 128. — III. Semi-national customs, 1050–1275, 130. — Lastage, 130. — Scavage, 133. — Ancient wine custom, 134. — The prise of wines, 136. — Recta prisa, 137. — Decay of these dues, 142. — IV. The customs experiment of King John, 143. — The fifteenth, 143. — The Great Winchester Assize of Customs, 144. — Failure of King John's customs system, 146. — V. Conclusion, 147. — Classification of customs, local, semi-national, and national, 147. — Efforts to create a national system, 1275–1347, 147. — Great influence of the local upon the national system, 148.

Dates of Books of Rates prior to 1558, that usually accepted as the first, 766. — Metropolitan rates (1507–36) precede the national valuations, 768. — Increase of valuations in 1558 and 1610, 769. — The Books contain valuations, not specific duties, except in the case of cloth, 770. — Other contents, 771. — The chief motives for the issue of the earlier Books were the desire for national uniformity and the need for reform of customs frauds, 772. — For the later books not the loss of Calais revenue but the necessity of adjustment to price changes and the increase of indirect taxation, 773.