Knowledge that Transforms

It has been hypothesized that when the decrease in the steady-state proportion of income class i is large enough the percentage of children in the class will fall despite increased fertility. However the mathematical model developed in this article demonstrates that in spite of a potential reduction in the relative proportion of steady-state population born to that class will always increase and moreover will increase the most. As a direct consequence the possible decrease in the steady-state proportion of income class i is limited. Through the use of matrix algebra rather than differential calculus upper and lower bounds for the relative change in the proportion of the steady-state population of any income class can be derived. The diagonal matrix F gives the income-specific net reproductive rates while M represents the intergenerational mobility matrix. The analysis also refutes the hypothesis that if the percent children in any income class increases then the proportion of the population after intervention of mobility decreases. Apparently decreased inflows can never outweigh increased inflows. It should be noted that the results of this analysis hold without any restrictions on the mobility matrix; thus they are simply properties of the model.

economic policy ; unemployment

The dramatic decline in the demand for union representation among nonunion workers over the last decade is investigated using data on worker preferences for union representation from four surveys conducted in 1977, 1980, 1982, and 1984. Relatively little of the decline can be accounted for by shifts in labor force structure. However, virtually all of the decline is correlated with an increase in the satisfaction of nonunion workers with their jobs and a decline in nonunion workers ' beliefs that unions are able to improve wages and working conditions.

A central question in development economics is, how can we account for differences in the levels of income and the rates of growth between the developed and less developed economies?