Historically in the United States, a child's gender has affected the level of education he or she is likely to receive, the occupation he or she will choose, and the wages he or she will be paid (e.g., Francine D. Blau 1998). A growing body of research examines how child gender may be associated with differential treatment by parents from birth, which could contribute to differences by gender in these adult market outcomes.1 One strand of this literature has found associations between child gender and parents' marriage formation and dissolution, with implications for the living arrangements of children. Fathers are more likely to be present in the home if a child is male; the presence of sons decreases the probability of divorce; and a nonmarital birth is more likely followed by marriage if the child