In this paper, I examine the relation between disclosure commitment and cost of equity capital using accelerated earnings announcement disclosures as a measure of commitment. In settings characterized by imperfect market competition, I find that firms which consistently disclose balance sheet detail in relatively timely earnings announcements have lower costs of capital compared to other firms. This result is statistically significant and economically meaningful, and is robust to various alternative measurements for cost of capital, and alternative designs addressing endogeneity and underlying information quality. Overall, this result is important because it highlights additional dimensions of disclosure commitment (consistency and timeliness), while incorporating important features from theoretical models (information quality and market competition). In particular, my results suggest that consistency and timeliness are salient features of firms' disclosure behavior that have predictable and robust relations with capital market outcomes. This result is robust to controlling for underlying information quality; however, consistent with theory, it is conditional on low levels of market competition.

This research studies whether severance agreements may reduce fraudulent earnings management, and whether severance pay mitigates executives’ career concerns. In a sample of large U.S. firms, those with higher severance pay are less likely to be subject to accounting and auditing enforcement releases ( AAER s) by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ( SEC ). Among S&P 500 firms in the post‐ SOX period with premanaged earnings below analyst forecasts, firms with higher severance pay are less likely to meet/beat the analyst forecast using abnormal accruals. Overall, these results suggest that fear of losing a lucrative severance package, and/or the insurance offered by such a package curbs earnings management.

Empirical research into corporate cash recovery rates has, in part, relied on arguments leading to the assumption that these rates are reasonably stable over time. Equivalently, the process generating firms' cash recovery rates is assumed to be mean reverting. Empirical findings of this study on the time series properties of corporate cash recovery rates failed to validate this assumption. In particular, the results indicate that the overall processes generating levels and first differences of cash recovery rates can adequately be described by a first‐order autoregressive process and a first‐order moving average, respectively. The paper discusses some implications of these results for the theoretical modeling of the internal rate of return/cash recovery rate relationship and the empirical research based thereon. Résumé. Les recherches empiriques en matière de taux de recouvrement de trésorerie des sociétés ont été fondées en partie sur une augmentation menant à l'hypothèse d'une stabilité raisonnable de ces taux dans le temps. Autrement dit, le processus générateur des taux de recouvrement de trésorerie pour les firmes est supposé de type moyenne mobile. Les résultats empiriques de cette étude sur les propriétés des séries chronologiques de taux de recouvrement de trésorerie n'ont pas permis de valider cette hypothèse. En particulier, les résultats indiquent que les processus générateurs globaux et les différences d'ordre un des taux de recouvrement de trésorerie peuvent être adéquatement décrits, respectivement par un processus autorégressif d'ordre un et un processus de moyenne mobile d'ordre un. L'article discute de quelques conséquences de ces résultats quant à la modélisation théorique de la relation entre le taux de rendement effectif et le taux de recouvrement de trésorerie, et quant à la recherche empirique fondée sur celle‐ci.

Our interest in this study is the relative informativeness of earnings announcements reported before and after Form 8-K disclosures of the reason for an auditor change. We appeal to several models that predict that the market's response to an earnings surprise is positively related to the perceived precision of the earnings report. We predict that the Form 8-K reason disclosures aid investors in updating their expectations of earnings precision by providing useful information about the financial reporting process that produces the earnings report. For 802 auditor changes from late 1991 through late 1997, the average price response per unit of earnings surprise is lower subsequent to an auditor change for companies that switched for disagreement-related or fee-related reasons and higher for those that switched for service-related reasons. This paper provides further evidence on the effects of differential earnings quality on differences in the returns-earnings relation across companies and over time as well as the efficacy of Form 8-K disclosures of reasons for auditor changes.

Our interest in this study is the relative informativeness of earnings announcements reported before and after Form 8‐K disclosures of the reason for an auditor change. We appeal to several models that predict that the market's response to an earnings surprise is positively related to the perceived precision of the earnings report. We predict that the Form 8‐K reason disclosures aid investors in updating their expectations of earnings precision by providing useful information about the financial reporting process that produces the earnings report. For 802 auditor changes from late 1991 through late 1997, the average price response per unit of earnings surprise is lower subsequent to an auditor change for companies that switched for disagreement‐related or fee‐related reasons and higher for those that switched for service‐related reasons. This paper provides further evidence on the effects of differential earnings quality on differences in the returns‐earnings relation across companies and over time as well as the efficacy of Form 8‐K disclosures of reasons for auditor changes.

Studies investigating effects of outcomes on judgments and decisions have been increasing within the business/accounting research literatures. No study, however, has addressed the presence or absence of such effects in terms of potential explanations and the conditions affecting their viability. Three such explanations are the foci of the present study: cognitive reconstruction, self‐enhancing motive, and an escalation‐of‐commitment analogue. The viability of these explanations was investigated experimentally in an accounting context in which subjects evaluated a capital‐budgeting committee's funding priority decisions with or without project outcome information (five‐year operating results). Experimental results fully support the cognitive reconstruction explanation for outcome effects on decision appraisals but provide only limited support for the self‐enhancing motive and escalation‐of‐commitment explanations. Results of additional experimentation are presented, further supporting logic inherent in the hypothesis derived from the cognitive reconstruction explanation. The relationship of the present study to prior research and implications for future research and practice are discussed. Résumé. Les études portant sur l'analyse de l'incidence de l'issue d'une situation sur les jugements posés et les décisions prises par la suite se sont multipliées dans la recherche en gestion et en comptabilité. Aucun chercheur ne s'est pourtant penché sur la présence ou l'absence d'une telle incidence en s'interrogeant sur son explication potentielle et sur les facteurs qui influent sur sa viabilité. La présente étude s'articule autour de trois de ces explications: la reconstruction cognitive, la promotion personnelle et un équivalent de l'escalade de l'engagement. La viabilité de ces explications a été soumise à une étude expérimentale dans un contexte comptable dans lequel les sujets évaluaient les décisions d'un comité chargé du choix des investissements dans le cadre de l'établissement des priorités en matière d'affectation des fonds, avec ou sans information sur l'issue des projets (résultats d'exploitation de cinq ans). Les résultats de l'expérience confirment sans équivoque l'explication de la reconstruction cognitive relativement à l'incidence de l'issue des projets sur les évaluations décisionnelles, mais ils n'appuient que de façon mitigée les explications de la promotion personnelle et de l'escalade des engagements. Les auteurs exposent les résultats d'autres expériences, qui viennent étayer la logique sous‐jacente à l'hypothèse fondée sur l'explication de la reconstruction cognitive. Ils analysent enfin la relation entre la présente étude et les travaux de recherche antérieurs de même que ses conséquences éventuelles sur la recherche et la profession.

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This study examines the effect of specialization at the different stages of an audit workpaper review. Auditing literature advises focusing each review level on specific kinds of errors (i.e., seniors on mechanical errors and managers on conceptual errors), rather than having seniors and managers perform successive all‐encompassing reviews. However, surveys of review practice suggest that all‐encompassing reviews are common. To determine whether specialization at different levels of review improves reviewers' overall effectiveness, this study has 35 managers and 39 seniors actually perform a review of a realistic set of workpapers. Half the subjects performed specialized reviews, whereas the other half performed all‐encompassing reviews. Overall accuracy rates in our study are consistent with prior research. In addition, the combined reviews of seniors and managers are more effective than those of either seniors or managers separately, demonstrating the benefits of hierarchical review. However, specialized review leads reviewers to be significantly less accurate than reviewers performing all‐encompassing reviews. The results suggest specialization will not automatically improve review effectiveness, and that accounting firms may need to re‐evaluate their review guidance and professional training on workpaper reviews.

This paper presents the results of 16 laboratory markets designed to test the theoretical assertion that, when disclosures are credible, managers/sellers will fully disclose private information to potential investors/buyers. Sellers are predicted to disclose all information so as not to be classified as having the worst possible information. This experiment manipulated two treatments: the number of disclosure options available to the seller and the buyers' knowledge of those disclosure options. The results show that, after repeated dealings between sellers and buyers, the sellers moved toward full disclosure. Buyers adjusted their bidding strategies in response to the seller's disclosure strategy in all markets except those that had both (1) a large number of disclosure options and (2) no knowledge by buyers of the disclosure options. These results may provide some perspective on the market‐based results that show that investors do not react in a fully skeptical fashion with respect to managerial disclosures. Our results suggest that knowledge of the menu of disclosure options may increase the speed of markets adjusting to disclosures, particularly when the menu of disclosure options is large. Résumé. Les auteurs présentent les résultats de l'étude en laboratoire de seize marchés à partir desquels ils ont voulu vérifier l'affirmation théorique selon laquelle, lorsque l'information communiquée est vraisemblable, les gestionnaires‐vendeurs présentent intégralement l'information privilégiée aux investissieurs‐acheteurs potentiels. La décision des vendeurs de communiquer intégralement l'information serait motivée par leur désir de ne pas laisser supposer que l'information qu'ils possèdent est extrêmement négative. Dans le cadre de cette expérience, les auteurs ont abordé la question sous deux angles: le nombre d'options dont dispose le vendeur en matière de présentation de l'information et la connaissance de ces différentes options chez l'acheteur. Les résultats démontrent qu'après plusieurs séances de négociation entre vendeurs et acheteurs, les vendeurs consentaient à la présentation intégrale de l'information. Les acheteurs adaptaient leur stratégie d'offre en réponse à la stratégie de présentation de l'information du vendeur dans tous les marchés, à l'exception des marchés caractérisés à la fois par 1) un nombre important d'options de présentation de l'information et 2) aucune connaissance, chez les acheteurs, des options de présentation de l'information. Ces résultats pourraient ouvrir certaines perspectives en ce qui a trait aux résultats, fondés sur le marché, qui démontrent que les investisseurs ne mettent pas systématiquement en doute l'information présentée par les gestionnaires. Les résultats de l'étude laissent supposer que la connaissance des différentes options de présentation de l'information peut accélérer l'adaptation des marchés à la présentation de l'information, en particulier lorsque les options de présentation sont nombreuses.

Both theoretical and experimental research has shown that full disclosure of private information will be observed when disclosures are credible. Disclosures are generally considered to be credible when they either are subject to an antifraud rule, are ex post verifiable, or are both. However, little consideration has been given to the individual and interactive effects of these conditions. This paper presents arguments concerning the effects of antifraud rules and ex post verifiability on disclosures of private information and the reaction to those disclosures. It predicts an equilibrium of full disclosure only when an antifraud rule is in effect, independent of the presence or absence of ex post verification. Further, one adverse selection problem is posited to disappear after repeated observations, regardless of antifraud rules or ex post verifiability. These assertions are tested by 20 laboratory experiments, which, in addition, provide insight into the effect of a legal system on disclosures. The results generally support the analytical assertions. Résumé. Les recherches théoriques aussi bien qu'expérimentales ont démontré que la présentation intégrale de l'information à caractère privé est observée lorsque les renseignements fournis sont crédibles. Ces renseignements sont généralement jugés crédibles lorsqu'ils sont assujettis à une règle anti‐fraude, lorsqu'ils peuvent être verifiés ex post ou lorsqu'ils présentent ces deux caractéristiques. Jusqu'à maintenant, cependant, on s'est peu intéressé aux conséquences particulières et interactives de ces caractéristiques. Les auteurs présentent ici leur argumentation au sujet des conséquences des règles anti‐fraude et de la vérifiabilité ex post sur la présentation d'information privée et sur la réaction à la présentation de cette information. Selon eux, l'équilibre de présentation intégrale de l'information n'est atteint que dans le cas où s'applique une règle anti‐fraude, indédependamment de l'existence d'une vérification ex post. Plus encore, ils concluent à la disparition d'un problème de sélection préjudiciable après des observations répétées, peu importe les règles anti‐fraude ou la vérifiabilité ex post. La véracité de ces affirmations est mise à l'épreuve dans le cadre de 20 expériences en laboratoire qui livrent en outre certaines indications relatives à l'incidence d'un système juridique sur la présentation d'information. Les résultats viennent généralement appuyer les hypothèses d'analyse.