Nine major entrepreneurship, international business (IB), and management journals used by the Financial Times to rank business schools were examined to see if the amount of international entrepreneurship (IE) research published in major entrepreneurship, IB, and management journals is increasing over time. Findings from two time periods spaced a decade apart indicate that although IE content more than doubled in the entrepreneurship journals, only a modest increase occurred in the international business journals and no increase occurred in the management journals. We proposed and found that: (1) entrepreneurship journals tend to favor replication studies while IB and management journals prefer nonreplications; and (2) because replication is straightforward while nonreplication is more difficult to conceptualize and execute, there are many more replication than nonreplication IE studies. As a result, IE studies appear more frequently in entrepreneurship journals. Managerial and scholarly implications are discussed.

Drawing on institutional theory and entrepreneurial cognition, we test the environmental perception–scanning framework in the United States and India. The results suggest that culture and transition context help explain scanning frequency, but entrepreneurs in the two countries are similar in their perceptions of strategic uncertainty in environmental sectors. Moreover, the perceptions of increased environmental change and sector importance, as conditioned by perceived information accessibility, are associated with increased scanning. Overall, our results provide important indications about perceptions and information seeking, and lend support to indications of a universal mindset of entrepreneurship.

In the search for ways in which the family firm context is unique to organizational science, the construct of “familiness” has been identified and defined as resources and capabilities that are unique to the family's involvement and interactions in the business. While identification and isolation of a construct unique to family firms is both groundbreaking and important for family firm research, it is also important that the development of the construct continues to be examined from complementing theoretical viewpoints. As such, we set out to review the development of the familiness construct and identify its dimensions. We also explore the nomological relationships of the construct based on a social capital theory perspective and offer a theory of familiness.

Autonomy is an important component of an entrepreneurial orientation (EO), but most studies that assess the EO construct do not include autonomy measures. This article first addresses the theoretical relevance of autonomy as an element of firm–level entrepreneurial behavior. After a review of existing autonomy measures, it then proposes scale items to test the autonomy dimension of EO. Finally, it reports the results of two studies of the proposed autonomy scale and addresses implications for future EO–related autonomy research.

We set forth the attributes of forgiving business models that entrepreneurs can use to minimize losses while exploiting ideas to launch new ventures. Venture ideas possessing these attributes have greater potential because they can shift risk to resource providers. Thus, the success of a venture partially depends on the market conditions for others, which affects how an opportunity can be exploited. We emphasize combinations of outside options for resource providers together with their market interaction costs. Finally, we discuss the contributions of this research for entrepreneurs, its theoretical implications, and future research possibilities.

The formation of family firms, as well as their scale and scope, is likely to be influenced by the characteristics of the environment. This study presents preliminary findings on the relationship between economic development and the prevalence of family vs. nonfamily firms in the United States. We use three samples consisting of 15,918 firms aggregated at the state level and two methods of estimating the proportion of family businesses in each state. Our results indicate that regardless of the method of estimation, there is a negative relationship between the proportion of family firms in a state and gross state product per capita. Implications and research directions are provided.

The ability of family firms to identify and respond to changes in their external environments can be a key source of competitive advantage leading to success and survival. Some research, however, has suggested family firms are conservative and often lack the ability to adapt to their changing competitive environments. Using data from 248 family firms, we found a family firm's culture of commitment to the business is positively associated with its strategic flexibility—the ability to pursue new opportunities and respond to threats in the competitive environment. Further, we found stewardship–oriented organizational culture positively moderated the family commitment–strategic flexibility relationship.