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Check-reading accuracy as a function of pointer alignment, patterning, and viewing angle.

Journal of Applied Psychology 1964
Prior studies have shown that detecting a single deviant dial in a 4 × 4 matrix can be markedly improved by aligning the null position of the pointers. In the present study, efficiency in a similar task was rendered 85 per cent more efficient by continuing the line formed by the pointers across the entire panel face. The deviant dial then appeared as a break in a line, a finding consonant with the Gestalt principle of figurai continuity. No significant difference was found between the 9 and 12 o’clock orientations for null pointers, nor did any significant difference emerge when displays were presented to the front and the sides of Ss.