This paper by Hughes, Logue, and Sweeney offers an excellent summary of recent theoretical work on the advantages of multinational firms in providing opportunities for international diversification. In addition, some interesting empirical tests of an international version of the capital asset pricing model (IAPM) are reported. Neither of these topics is original as several writers have explored the theoretical advantages of the multinational firm providing international diversification, including this discussant [1]. The IAPM has been tested by Solnik [2] and others who find that systematic risk is lower in international financial markets than in domestic ones.

Paul M. Horvitz, Failures of Large Banks: Implications for Banking Supervision and Deposit Insurance, The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Vol. 10, No. 4, 1975 Proceedings (Nov., 1975), pp. 589-601

New stock financing is assuming increasing significance as a source of funds for private firms. The problem of management of external financing has grown as well. As a practical matter, financial managers must depend on the assistance of underwriters with respect to pricing and distribution of new corporate stock. But recent changes, some set in the context of the capital asset pricing model, imply systematic underpricing of new securities. If these charges are true, the financial manager is faced with the dilemma of paying monopsony profits, or accepting the cost and risk involved in taking the issue to market without the investment banker, or seeking an alternative source of funds. In any event, the process of marketing new equity depends on the relationship among the many characteristics unique to the firm and that firm's cost of equity capital. This paper discussed these interrelated issues.

During the last 15 years, the Eurodollar deposit market has grown from perhaps $1 billion to a level now estimated to exceed $200 billion. This growth has prompted numerous arguments and investigations as to its cause [cf. 14, 22, 27], factors influencing it [cf. 24, 28, 29, 32], its import for U.S. banking and monetary policy [cf. 2, 38], its role in international financial market integration [cf. 1, 9, 39], and its impact on the internationalization of U.S. monetary policy [cf. 18, 23]. Over this same period of time, an increasing empirical interest has developed in the term structure of interest rates. Yet most empirical studies of the Eurodollar market [cf. 2, 28, 29, 32] have employed the 90-day Eurodollar CD rate as though it were “the rate of interest” in this market. This tendency has resulted more from the empirical ease of computing covered interest differentials in conjunction with the three–month forward exchange rate than from theoretical considerations [cf. 32, p. 7].

Two prominent views pertaining to measures of risk aversion can be found in the literature. First, Arrow [2] and Pratt [3]developed risk aversion measures based on the curvature characteristics of the individual investor's utility for wealth function. If the investor's utility for wealth function is given by V(W), thenare the Arrow-Pratt measures of absolute and relative risk aversion, respectively. The investor is risk averse or a risk lover as r(W) and r* (W) are positive or negative. The investor exhibits increasing, constant, or decreasing absolute risk aversion as while he exhibits increasing, constant, or decreasing relative risk aversion as .

M. J. Brennan, The Optimal Number of Securities in a Risky Asset Portfolio When There are Fixed Costs of Transacting: Theory and Some Empirical Results, The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Vol. 10, No. 3 (Sep., 1975), pp. 483-496

George M. Frankfurter, Herbert E. Phillips, Efficient Algorithms for Conducting Stochastic Dominance Tests on Large Numbers of Portfolios: A Comment, The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Vol. 10, No. 1 (Mar., 1975), pp. 177-179