This paper critically evaluates the claim in recent papers that precisely estimated betas explain the cross-sectional differences in expected returns across size-based portfolios. In these studies, the correlations between firm size and betas across the test portfolios are close to one in magnitude, yielding potentially spurious inferences. This paper shows that when the test portfolios are constructed so that the correlations between firm size and beta are small, the betas explain virtually none of the cross-sectional differences in portfolio returns.

This paper models the strategic pre-tender offer share acquisition problem faced by potential bidders in takeovers. The model provides a rational explanation for the seemingly anomalous empirical evidence that the information about the impending tender offers is not fully conveyed through the potential bidders' pre-tender offer trades and for the evidence that a large fraction of bidders do not hold any target shares prior to launching the tender offers. Additional testable implications are also provided.

Closing auctions account for about 10% of daily trading volume and offer a potentially attractive alternative to trading in the continuous market. We find that the price impact is lower in closing auctions than in the continuous market for all stocks except Nasdaq microcaps. Opening auctions are illiquid. We compute trading costs for anomalies based strategies by strategically placing orders in the lower cost mechanism. The annualized trading costs for long/short portfolios based on financial ratios such as profitability and investment range from 17 to 41 basis points (bps). Excluding microcaps, these costs fall to 9–21 bps in closing auctions.

Hsiu-Lang Chen, Narasimhan Jegadeesh, Russ Wermers, The Value of Active Mutual Fund Management: An Examination of the Stockholdings and Trades of Fund Managers, The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Vol. 35, No. 3 (Sep., 2000), pp. 343-368

Models that examine investors’ motivations to trade often make opposite predictions about the relation between trading decisions and past returns. We find that, in the aggregate, both buyer- and seller-initiated trades increase with past returns. The difference between buyer- and seller-initiated trades is negatively related to short horizon returns but positively related to returns over longer horizons. Tax-loss-related seller-initiated trades in December and January are accompanied by increased buyer-initiated trades. Past returns significantly affect trading decisions, and these findings are consistent with a number of different models of trading behavior.