In raising revenues, governments of poor countries affect farm gate prices for export crops. Because agriculture is dispersed, interventions have spatial effects, leading to an integrated analysis of taxation, marketing, and transportation. Policies to be used singly or together include land, export, and transportation taxes/subsidies and variants of state marketing, in which only government procures crops. An export tax and a transport subsidy may be optimal. With state marketing, important aspects of buying depots are numbers, locations, spatial pattern of prices paid, and movement of output toward or away from the ultimate market. These policies also affect transport investment strategies.

While many development theorists assume saving propensities vary among different groups, there has been limited theoretical justification for this view. This paper analyzes two complementary theories stressing the effect on saving of physiological consequences of poor nutrition at low incomes. One influence is on the probability of survival; another is on workers' productivity. Either effect means that the average propensity to save can rise with income. Issues considered include annuities, exogenous changes in survival and efficiency, implications for the efficiency wage theory of unemployment, and distinctions between wage and nonwage income. Implications of nutritional effects for econometric specification of saving functions are stressed.

In raising revenues, governments of poor countries affect farm gate prices for export crops. Because agriculture is dispersed, interventions have spatial effects, leading to an integrated analysis of taxation, marketing, and transportation. Policies to be used singly or together include land, export, and transportation taxes/subsidies and variants of state marketing, in which only government procures crops. An export tax and a transport subsidy may be optimal. With state marketing, important aspects of buying depots are numbers, locations, spatial pattern of prices paid, and movement of output toward or away from the ultimate market. These policies also affect transport investment strategies.

While many development theorists assume saving propensities vary among different groups, there has been limited theoretical justification for this view. This paper analyzes two complementary theories stressing the effect on saving of physiological consequences of poor nutrition at low incomes. One influence is on the probability of survival; another is on workers' productivity. Either effect means that the average propensity to save can rise with income. Issues considered include annuities, exogenous changes in survival and efficiency, implications for the efficiency wage theory of unemployment, and distinctions between wage and nonwage income. Implications of nutritional effects for econometric specification of saving functions are stressed.