Knowledge that Transforms

Adopting the student questionnaire of Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA),this paper did a research on the mathematics learning characteristics of 500 15-year-old students in Suzhou,China,and compared them with the results of the American counterparts.The research indicates that most of the Suzhou students have a strong awareness of competition and collaboration in mathematics learning,and they can use a lot of learning strategies.It also shows that students who have stronger interest and motivation in mathematics have more active self-concept and less anxiety.There are distinct gender differences in mathematics learning characteristics between Chinese and American students.

This paper first reviewed the research about the selection task, the THOG problem, illusion in multiple premises deductive reasoning problem and the MHD problem, then concluded the basic hypothesis and basic methods in reasoning illusion research, and finally discussed future studies in this field.

The present study explored the time course of inhibition of return(IOR) in acute schizophrenia with a cue-target paradigm. Forty-seven healthy volunteers, forty-four first-episode, early schizophrenic patients and forty-six recurrent, chronic schizophrenic patients were enrolled and completed the detecting task. The results showed that early schizophrenia had an intact inhibition of return; however, the deficit IOR effect was observed in chronic schizophrenia. Moreover, in acute schizophrenia the IOR effects were negatively correlated to the course, the numbers of episode and hospitalization, and independent of positive symptoms or negative symptoms. The results indicated that deficit IOR existed in chronic schizophrenia, inhibition of return might be impaired gradually with the course and chronicity of schizophrenia, and selective attention deficits might be a core symptom independent of other psychotic symptoms.

Among participants with COMISA, higher OSA severity predicted a greater treatment-response to CBTi, versus control. People with COMISA should be treated with CBTi, which is effective even in the presence of severe OSA and objective sleep disturbance.

Past research indicates that positive affect (relative to neutral or negative affect) reduces processing and makes categorization less differentiated. The present experiment demonstrated that preference, even though affectively pleasant, invites finer categorization. Expertise is already known to influence categorization; hence, the present experiment used an associative conditioning task (novel symbols paired with positively or negatively valenced photographs) to create new preferences, thereby demonstrating that preference influences categorization independently of preexisting expertise. These findings cast new light on established theory of affect and cognitive processing and suggest new implications for consumer preference and goal pursuit.