Introduction, 2. — Previous discussions, 2. — Fertility rates, 7. — Lack of adequate data makes it impossible to reach precise conclusions of New England dying out, 9. — But such data as are available support the contention that the natives of New England are not maintaining their numbers, 14. — Conclusions, 18.
Introduction, 345.—Jones, 347.—Jenks and Clark, 348.—Watkins, 350.—Seager and Gulick, 355.—Levy, 360.—Fitzgerald, 361.—National Industrial Conference Board publications: Mergers in Industry, 363;—Mergers and the Law, 366.—Alsberg, 369.—Toulmin, 370.—Javits, 370.—Frederick, 371.—Conclusions: “the trust problem” a misnomer, 372; many questions still unanswered, 373.
Introduction: "fair return on fair valuation" of properties of natural monopolies an economically unsound policy, since it affords unsatisfactory control of investment, 263.—I. Adherence to this policy based upon misinterpretation of monopoly as essentially a phenomenon of distribution, 265.—II. Two approaches to monopoly control, 267.—III. Superiority of "regulated-investment" to "regulated-return" in control of under-invested simple monopoly, 273.—IV. Superiority of "regulated-investment" in control of over-invested simple monopoly, 277.—V. Discrimination as between different services supplied by a given monopoly reducible to same formula as that pertinent to simple monopoly, 282.
General character of the two studies, 320.—Crum's analysis of earning power: the "profit ratio, " 322; the "earnings ratio, " 326.—The return Upon capital invested, 330.—The proportion of profitable operations, 333.—Sloan's analysis of earnings, 334.—Frequency distribution of earnings in 1927 and 1917, 336.—The range of earnings, 339.—Relation between earnings and "especialty products, " 340.—More light needed, 342.
I. Dr. Kuznets' methodological scepticism, 40. — II. Lederer, Loewe, and Carrel on equilibrium economics; the empiricorealist as circular reasoner, 42. — III. The equilibrium concept and economic dynamics, 55. — IV. Rosenstein-Rodan "discovers" orthodox economic theory, 63. — V. Business cycles and the Laws of Chance, 67. — VI. The program of Empirico-Realism provides neither a synthesis nor a call to economic theorists to abandon their evil courses, 81. — VII. The real problem of economic dynamics, 86.
The apparent conflict of opinion among present writers. — I. The difficulties in the statistical measurement of integration, 622. — Recent American experience, 623. — II. The economies of integration under stable and competitive conditions, 624. — The incompatibility of technical balance and commercial self-sufficiency, 626. — III. Integration in relation to monopoly and dynamic conditions, 629. — The offensive and defensive aspects of integration, 632. — The vertical concern in periods of depression and periods of prosperity, 633. — The vertical firm and technical changes, 635. — IV. Conclusion: Conflicting views more apparent than real, 637.
Introduction, 22. — Failure of early attempts to organize for propaganda purposes, 23. — Birth of the American Protective Tariff League, 24. — Description of its activities, 25. — Dispute with Henry O. Havemeyer in 1899, 31. — Relation of the Iron and Steel industry to the League, 33. — Falling away of the League's support and subsequent decline of its activities, 34.
The final settlement; commanding position of the Conference Committee. — Higher duties on agricultural commodities, such as sugar, wheat, cotton, 3. — Hides, wool, meat, and dairy products, 7. — Minor agricultural products, 9. — Manufactured articles, cottons, woolens, silks, 13 — The general trend, 16. — The Tariff Commission retained, with no marked changes in its powers, 19.
Introduction. — I. Development of a measure of the physical volume of production on the basis of the concept of production in general economic theory, 243. — The "index" and "deflating" methods, 244. — II. The relation between the economic quantities "production" and "national income, " 247. — III. The necessity of including the value factor in measures of physical production and the consequent shortcomings of such a measure, 250. — IV. Other limitations of a measure of physical production, 257. — V. Conclusions, 261.
I. The principle of equalizing costs professes to extend no favors, 175; in actual legislation, there is a scramble for favors, 177.—II. The Tariff Commission was established in 1916 as a body for inquiry and report, 178.—The great changes, in the flexible provisions of 1922, 179.—III. The Session of 1929–30, 180.—The make-up and procedure of the House and Senate Committees, 181.—The revolt of the insurgents, 184.—IV. The principle of merely equalizing costs ignored; aid to depressed industries (such as sugar) the dominant note, 186.—The farmers' representatives press for aid in other ways than by increased tariff rates, 189.—V. The Tariff Commission again; its unsatisfactory working after 1922, 191.—VI. Possibilities of the future, 194.—Tariff Boards in other English-speaking countries; the combination of power and responsibility in a Minister, 196.—Nothing of the kind in the United States, 197. — The President's position, 198.—Possibilities suggested by the methods elsewhere; Cabinet members and Congress, 199.—VII. No far-reaching changes to be expected, 200.—Maintenance and improvement of the present system the only practicable policy, 201.