Knowledge that Transforms

Introduction; the interest in real estate taxes, 96.— I. Causes of this interest: depressed conditions, 97; rising taxes, 97; the “real” burden of taxes, 98. — II. The question of disproportionate burden; the popular opinion, 100; the problem of measurement: the methods used, 101; their defects, 102; capitalization, 103; benefit considerations, 110.— III. The question of relative burden on rural and urban property, 115.— IV. The case for tax reduction; rigidity; discriminatory assessment, 116; the “obligation of payment,” 118; some obstacles, 118. — V. Some methods of relief; curbing expenditures, 120; alternative taxes in general, 121; the income tax, 122; exemption of buildings, 123.— VI. The proposal of an increment tax, 124. — VII. The proposal of a change in the character of taxes; Professor Kendrick's suggestions, 125.— VIII. Conclusions, 127.

Purposes of the investigation, 414. — Description of the data, 416. — Importance of the consolidated returns, 419. — Profit ratios: divisions, 433. — Profit ratios: manufacture groups, 439. — Rate of profit on gross sales, 443. — General conclusion, 445.

Journal Article Speculation and the Stability of Stock Prices Get access M. J. Fields M. J. Fields Harvard University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 47, Issue 2, February 1933, Pages 357–367, https://doi.org/10.2307/1883695 Published: 01 February 1933

The nature of the process of concentration, 277.— The changing relative importance of different influences making for concentration and the various means of effecting concentration, 278.— I. The effect of each method of concentration upon the efficiency of production, 282. — (A) Effect when aimed at securing economies of production from operation on a larger scale, 282.— (1) Price cutting, 282.— (2) Expenditure aimed at increasing sales, 285.— (3) Mergers, 287.— (4) Price and output agreements, 292.— Price leadership, 292.— (B) Effect when aimed at securing market control, 292.— (1) Price cutting, 292.— (2) Expenditure aimed at increasing sales, 294.— (3) Mergers, 294.— (4) Price and output agreements, 294.— (5) Price leadership, 294.— Difference between effects of concentration to secure monopoly profits and concentration to avoid abnormally low profits, 295.— II. The effect of each method of concentration upon the distribution of gains and losses resulting from economic change, 297.— (A) Effect when concentration is aimed at economies of production, 297.— (B) Effect when aimed at market control, 299.— III. The problem of social control, 303.— Control has in the main rested upon judgment of the motives to concentration, 303. — This policy is unsatisfactory because of difficulty of application, 307.— And because it influences mainly the forms of concentration, 307.— The ultimate consequences of concentration are the most satisfactory basis for social control, 309.— Control upon such a basis will give prominence to very fundamental problems which must be faced, 309.

Journal Article Harvest Labor in Western Canada an Episode in Economic Planning Get access George V. Haythorne George V. Haythorne Harvard University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 47, Issue 3, May 1933, Pages 533–544, https://doi.org/10.2307/1883984 Published: 01 May 1933

Journal Article Member Bank Reserves and Bank Debits Get access Lauchlin Carrie Lauchlin Carrie Harvard University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 47, Issue 2, February 1933, Pages 349–356, https://doi.org/10.2307/1883694 Published: 01 February 1933

I. The incidence of contributions from employers, 313.— Qualifications: unemployment benefits may modify competition for employment, 314; strengthening unionism introduces additional uncertainty, 315; the outcome affected by rigidity of money wage rates, 316.—Shifting forward to consumers, 316.— The assumption that employment is a function of labor costs, 317.— The incidence of a limited system of reserves, 318.— The possibility that there is no net cost, 319.— II. Employers' contributions as incentives to stabilize employment, 320.— The argument obscure and weak, 321.— The necessary conditions of additional financial incentives, 322.— Effects would be largely on casual employment, 324.— III. The form of the reserves: insurance or pooling vs. deposit or savings, 325.— Pooled reserves not true insurance, 326.— Contributions to pooled reserves akin to taxes, 330.— Pooled reserves a mixture of relief and insurance, 330, and are as unstable as industry itself, 332.— The ethics and economics of the deposit or savings basis, 333.— Conclusions, 335.

Journal Article The Wooden Money of Tenino Get access Howard H. Preston Howard H. Preston University of Washington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 47, Issue 2, February 1933, Pages 343–348, https://doi.org/10.2307/1883693 Published: 01 February 1933

The theory of industrial location, 254.— Preliminary deductions in the case of the shoe industry, 255.— History of the distribution of the industry. Period 1630–1760: non-localized hand work, 257.— Period 1760–1860: localization of the hand industry, relation of railroads to factors of transportation and labor cost, 259.— Period 1860–1900: effect of mechanization, shifts in the tanning industry, changes in financing; equalization of regional advantages, 264.— Period since 1900: rapid style changes, foreign markets, labor organization, 269.— Outlook for the future, 273.— The theory in the light of experience in the shoe industry, 274.

Introduction, 39. — I. A simplified case; basic relations and equations, 39.— II. "Circular velocity" and "velocity of circulation, " 43. — III. The value of working capital, 47. — IV. The required stock of money; determinants of its circular velocity, 58. — V. Producers' goods and "equilibrium"; pure services; government finance, 67.— VI. Summary; available statistics, 72.