Knowledge that Transforms

Importance of iron-ore reserves of Lorraine, 531. — Comparison with reserves of other countries, 534. — Quality and location of French reserves, 535. — Dependence of German steel industry upon Lorraine, 536.— Also of French steel industry, 538. — Probable French policy of control, 540. — Coal production of France and Germany, 544. — Importance of the Saar district, 547. — German pre-war view of importance of controlling iron in the interest of militancy, 552.

I. Introduction, 466.—II. Mechanical or Impersonal Aspects, 471.—A. Increased Production, 471. — B. Decreased Cost, 473. — The Use of Equipment, 475. — The Use of Labor, 477. — Material Control, 477. — Routing, 479. — The Regularizing of Production, 481. — C. Improvement in or Maintenance of Quality, 482. — D. Speedy Production and Accurate Delivery, 483. — E. The Power and Stimulus of Knowledge, 484. — III. The Human Factor, 487. — A. Industrial Peace, 489. — B. High Wages, 490. — C. Proper Working Hours, 492. — D. Conditions of Work as Related to the Health and Well-being of the Worker, 493. — E. Selection, Fitting and Training, 496. — F. Free Scope for Individual Initiative and Opportunity for Advancement, 498. — G. Reduction of Labor Turnover, 500. — H. A Spirit of Coöoperation and Confidence, and a Feeling of Security, 501.

The credit-exchange arrangements, 422.—Comparison of the course of exchange in the four leading countries, 425.—Buenos Aires and Montevideo exchange, 428. — The Argentine balance of international payments, 431. — Quantity exports of meat and cereals, 436. — The Chilean trade balance, 438. — Nitrate, exports, production, prices, 439. — Exports of coffee, 443. — Interest payments, 443. — Chilean exchange a depreciated paper exchange, 445. — The fall of the rate since the armistice, 448. — The new exports and industries of Brazil, 449. — The fall of Brazilian exchange, 453. — The decline of exports (and prices) of coffee and rubber, 455. — Comparison of trade balances of Brazil, Argentina, and Chile, 459. — Foreign borrowings of Brazil, 460. — Budgetary deficits, 462. — Inconvertible paper money, 463. — Interest payments, 464.

The normal price concept reflects a constructive purpose of economic theory, 632. — Margin of profit-making entrepreneurship a test of normality, 633. — Need of a market-distribution normal particularly in the case of extractive products, whose supply is not expansible during certain periods, 636. — This implies merely some change of emphasis and complementing of the equilibrium theory of value, 638. — The perfect competitive market price really a normalized price, 639. — The distribution normal as a test of the efficiency of our marketing arrangements, 640. — Relation of cross-section to longitudinal view of the market, 641. — Market normal of fixed-supply goods, 642. — For farm products a "season's normal, " 643. — This may undergo change as the season progresses, 644. — Recapitulation, 648. — Three phases of the market normal, 649. — Interplay of the market-distribution and production-adjustment concepts of normality, 650. — Practical usefulness of the above theory, 651.

The Embargo a weapon of offense, 88. — Times favored the trial, 89. — Hardships inflicted on British labor, 91. — An incentive to smuggling, 94. — Stagnation gives way to revival in other trade routes, 95. — Cotton a test of the Embargo, 97. — Linen, 101. — Effect of Embargo on British food supply, 102; and consequent ban upon distilleries, 103. — Tables of imports and exports, with comments, 106. — Foreign exchange, 110. — Estimates of loss, 111. — Conclusion and general observations, 112.

Journal Article A Definition of “Conditions of Labor” Get access Paul H. Douglas Paul H. Douglas Emergency Fleet Corporation, Philadelphia, Pa. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 33, Issue 4, August 1919, Pages 725–729, https://doi.org/10.2307/1885280 Published: 01 August 1919

I. Introduction: The four periods of government control, 672. — II. The problems relating to sugar for the crops of 1918–19, 674. — (a) Problems relating to price, 674. — (b) Problems relating to supply and distribution, 687. — III. The solution of these problems through the formation of the United States Sugar Equalization Board, 693. — (a) Formation of the United States Sugar Equalization Board, 693. — (b) Solution of the problems relating to price, 695. — (c) Agreements with the various producers, 702. — (d) Solution of the problems relating to supply and distribution, 705. — IV. Conclusion, 710.

Journal Article One of the Physical Foundations of Economics Get access Julius Davidson Julius Davidson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 33, Issue 4, August 1919, Pages 717–724, https://doi.org/10.2307/1885279 Published: 01 August 1919

The purely objective factors in economics, 377. — Psychological principles necessarily used in addition, 381. — Social assumptions, 385. — Psychical factors are human motives, 387; their analysis needed for most social problems, 389. — Adequacy of psychology assumed in economic theory in dispute, 390. — Analysis of arguments pro and con, 392. — Hedonistic foundation, 394. — Costless production, 401. — Industrial peace, 404. — Sums of utility, 406. — Social demand, 407. — Institutional economics, 409. — Most accurate psychology needed, of producers' motives, 415; of consumers' demands, 419.