Knowledge that Transforms

I. The ethical-juristic conception of "natural law, " as well as the natural science conception of "natural laws, " affected economic thought in the eighteenth century, 205.—Separate study of the influence of former would throw light on laissez faire, 208.—II. General meaning of Jus Naturale conception in seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, 209.—Of no influence on economic theories of mercantilists, it shaped those of such writers as Grotius, Pufendorf, and Hutcheson, 211.—III. The philosophy of the Physiocrats. Laws of economic process as it would go on in an ideal social order, prescribed by Nature but to be achieved by human efforts, 215.—IV. The philosophy of Adam Smith. Human propensities and sentiments, with limited amount of human planning, would produce a harmonious social order, 226.—The Theory of Moral Sentiments in relation to the Wealth of Nations, 232.—V. Summary and conclusions, 239.

I. Joint Costs a phenomenon of production; costs as flows; joint means joined, 416. — II. Joint costs with invariable proportions, 419. — Bases of cost apportionment, 420. — Relative demand schedules, 421. — Method of addition and subtraction, 424. — Arbitrary methods of allocation, 425. — Repercussions on the structure of industry, 427. — Cartellization, 429.—Vertical and lateral integration, 431. — III. Joint costs with variable proportions, 433. — Manipulating the variables of chemical equilibria, 436. — By varying concentration, 437. — Temperature, 436. — Pressure, 440. — And state of aggregation of the components, 441. — Mathematical predictability of variation, 444. — Research laboratory as systematizer of march of invention and nerve centre of control of production and marketing, 445. — IV. Nature and scope of joint costs, 448. — Element of technological compulsion vs. element of profit-maximizing variability, 449. — The problem of valuation, 450. — All the factors may vary discontinuously, 452. — Joint costs and overhead costs, 455; and decreasing costs, 459. — Conclusion, 460.

Journal Article Moore's Synthetic Economics Get access Mordecai Ezekiel Mordecai Ezekiel Federal Farm Board, Washington, D. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 44, Issue 4, August 1930, Pages 663–679, https://doi.org/10.2307/1884028 Published: 01 August 1930

I. Formulation of the question. A brief historical survey, 381. — II. Recent discussion in Germany: Lederer, Loewe, Carrel, 386. — III. In what sense the equilibrium theory is valid, 392. — IV. The element of time differences: Rosenstein-Rodan, further elaboration, 401. — V. Time differences and the cumulation of random changes, 408. — VI. Summary, 412.

I. The use of theory in the interpretation of statistical demand curves, 601. — II. The equilibrium analysis; its assumptions; the difficulties of applying it to statistical curves, 603. — III. Dynamic curves interpreted with the time element left in, as (a) paths of equilibrium, on the basis of the equilibrium analysis; (b) moving schedules, with different assumptions. Marshall's view, 608. — IV. A possible application of the static analysis; all time elements eliminated from the statistical curves; Moore's curves and their meaning; dynamic curves not demand curves in the orthodox sense; the concept of elasticity not applicable to such curves; present statistical curves neither dynamic nor static; not to be interpreted in terms of orthodox theory, 614.

Journal Article Mitchell's Business Cycles Get access Joseph Schumpeter Joseph Schumpeter Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 45, Issue 1, November 1930, Pages 150–172, https://doi.org/10.2307/1882530 Published: 01 November 1930

I. Advantages and disadvantages of industrial concentration. — Possible relation to the business cycle, 131. — II. The criterion of concentration and diversification here used: value added by manufacture, 134. — Results for sixteen cities in 1919, 135. — In later years, 138. — III. Relation between industries of producers' goods and of consumers' goods, 146. — Some significant results as to concentration and business fluctuations, 148.

PROFESSOR EINAUDI has raised an interesting question in his note on " James Pennington or James Mill: An Early Correction of Ricardo," published in the November number of this Journal (

Credit Expansion. — Bank loans and investments, 95. — Urban real estate mortgages; held by banks, mortgage trusts, mutual savings banks, Life Insurance Companies, Building and Loan Associations, 96. — Farm mortgages; held by Federal Land banks, Joint Stock banks; general data, 105. — Securities outstanding, 107. — Installment selling; electrical equipment, radio industry, General Motors Acceptance Corporation, 108. — Summary, 115. — Credit expansion somewhat analogous to monetary inflation, 119. — Consequence of credit expansion: illustrated by developments in the radio industry, the automobile industry, the construction industry, 121. — Conclusion, 128.

Growth in number of book stockholders in recent years, 561. — More rapid growth in immediate post-war period, 566. — Customer and employee sales important only after 1920, 567. — Examination of income-tax data for possible shift in ownership, 570. — Large shift in ownership from rich to less rich apparent between 1916 and 1921, none thereafter, 574. — Check on validity of figures by examination of methods of manipulation, 575; by examination of income-tax data, particularly for tax evasion, 576; by discussion of possible explanations of shift, 585; by the evidence of growth in number of book stockholders, 591. — Conclusion, 591. — Statistical Appendix, Tables I–VIII, 593.