Journal Article Average Prices under the International Wheat Agreement Get access Joseph Lerner Joseph Lerner Washington, D. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 67, Issue 2, May 1953, Pages 298–305, https://doi.org/10.2307/1885341 Published: 01 May 1953

Journal Article Income Expansion and Contraction: A Diagrammatic Representation Get access Joseph Lebner Joseph Lebner Harvard University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 65, Issue 1, February 1951, Pages 138–141, https://doi.org/10.2307/1879506 Published: 01 February 1951

I. Introduction: constant proportions and fixed "plant" as restrictions compared to the optimum, 361. — II. The possibility that constant proportions will be a greater restriction than fixed "plant, " 362. — III. Three possible locations of constant proportions line, plant line and scale line, 365.

I. Concepts, 172. — II. Measurements, 173. — III. Equilibrium, 176. — IV. Commentary, 180. — V. Conclusion, 188.

Journal Article Saving and Investment: Definitions, Assumptions, Objectives Get access A. P. Lerner A. P. Lerner Chicago Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 53, Issue 4, August 1939, Pages 611–619, https://doi.org/10.2307/1883280 Published: 01 August 1939

I. Why S = I, 297.— Difficulties of seeing this: the confusion between stocks and flows, 299; the paradox of individual freedom and social necessity, 300; the habit of labeling expenditure as "out of" particular income receipts, 302; the failure to recognize the mathematical or analytical nature of the proposition, 304; a misunderstanding of arguments about equilibrium, 305. — II. Miss Curtis' condition that "all income is spent, " 305; her failure to see the place of "wishes" in economic analysis, 307.— III. An attempt to salvage one of Miss Curtis' results, 308.

Analyzing 210 developing country private equity investments, we find that transactions vary with nations' legal enforcement, whether measured directly or through legal origin. Investments in high enforcement and common law nations often use convertible preferred stock with covenants. In low enforcement and civil law nations, private equity groups tend to use common stock and debt, and rely on equity and board control. Transactions in high enforcement countries have higher valuations and returns. While relying on ownership rather than contractual provisions may help to alleviate legal enforcement problems, these results suggest that private solutions are only a partial remedy.

Abstract We identify phrases associated with novel technologies using textual analysis of patents, job postings, and earnings calls, enabling us to identify four stylized facts on the diffusion of jobs relating to new technologies. First, the development of economically impactful new technologies is geographically highly concentrated, more so even than overall patenting: 56% of the most economically impactful technologies come from just two U.S. locations, Silicon Valley and the Northeast Corridor. Second, as the technologies mature and the number of related jobs grows, hiring spreads geographically. This process is very slow, taking around 50 years to disperse fully. Third, while initial hiring in new technologies is highly skill-biased, over time the mean skill level in new positions declines, drawing in an increasing number of lower-skilled workers. Finally, the geographic spread of hiring is slowest for higher-skilled positions, with the locations where new technologies were pioneered remaining the focus for the technology's high-skill jobs for decades.