Introduction, 1. — I. On specialization and general culture, 3. — II. On the strict sciences and the different but not inferior philosophical and ethical inquiries, 5. — III. Further, on emotions, knowledge, and value judgments; and the interdependence between reflective evaluative thinking and “objectivity” in the social sciences, 9. — IV. Finally, on the political philosophies and economic theories of historic schools of political economists; and the lessons to be learned, for the benefit of modern work, through critical historical study of their intellectual mistakes and achievements, 14.

I. Introduction, 525. — II. Economics and Sociology: Marx and Schumpeter, 528. — III. Schumpeter's vs. Marx's Economic Interpretation of History, 532. — IV. Schumpeter vs. Marxism on Imperialism and on Social Classes, 545.

Introduction: The freedom-control problem involves, beyond economic science, all social science and philosophy; criteria for judging books reviewed, 641. — I. Ordeal by Planning, by John Jewkes, 645. — II. Economic Policy for a Free Society, by Henry Simons, 650. — III. Alternative to Serfdom, by J. M. Clark, 656. — IV. Democracy and Progress, by David McCord Wright, 662.

Journal Article Surányi-Unger's Economics in the Twentieth Century Get access O. H. Taylor O. H. Taylor Harvard University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 46, Issue 2, February 1932, Pages 407–409, https://doi.org/10.2307/1883239 Published: 01 February 1932

I. The ethical-juristic conception of "natural law, " as well as the natural science conception of "natural laws, " affected economic thought in the eighteenth century, 205.—Separate study of the influence of former would throw light on laissez faire, 208.—II. General meaning of Jus Naturale conception in seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, 209.—Of no influence on economic theories of mercantilists, it shaped those of such writers as Grotius, Pufendorf, and Hutcheson, 211.—III. The philosophy of the Physiocrats. Laws of economic process as it would go on in an ideal social order, prescribed by Nature but to be achieved by human efforts, 215.—IV. The philosophy of Adam Smith. Human propensities and sentiments, with limited amount of human planning, would produce a harmonious social order, 226.—The Theory of Moral Sentiments in relation to the Wealth of Nations, 232.—V. Summary and conclusions, 239.

I. Dubious notions suggested by eighteenth- and nineteenth-century conceptions of the “laws of nature” are being discarded from natural sciences, and should be discarded from economics, 1. — II. Evolution of the idea of natural laws, since the seventeenth century; in the natural sciences, “mechanical philosophy,” belief in harmonious Order of Nature, fatalism, and the modern view that scientific laws may be only statistical laws, 6. — III. Corresponding evolution in economic thought. Eighteenth-century moral sciences mechanistic, but not rigidly deterministic. Economic optimism and fatalism. Modern view of the nature of economic laws, 16. — IV. Economic tendencies are toward adjustment, but not necessarily any ideal adjustment. Social welfare depends on human motives and on institutions. This was recognized in eighteenth-century philosophy of the moral “Law of Nature” (jus Naturae), accepted by Physiocrats and Adam Smith, 34.