Knowledge that Transforms
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Between accommodation and orchestration: The implementation of the science policy priority for biotechnology in the Netherlands
Quantification of the performance of research units: A simple mathematical model
Managing technology in the decentralised firm
The diffusion of synthetic materials in the automobile industry: Towards a major breakthrough?
Small countries facing the technological revolution
The commercialization of government-sponsored technologies: Canadian evidence
Quality evaluations in the management of basic and applied research
Innovation and productivity: An analysis of the chemical, textiles and machine tool industries in the U.S.
Issues in measuring industrial R&D
Effective government science and technology policy requires a reliable database on industrial innovation. This paper examines a number of issues concerning the measurement of industrial R&D by analyzing the relationship between data reported in the NSF/Census RD-1 survey - the basis for the official government R&D statistics - and data reported in two other sources (firms' 10-K reports and a federal procurement database). We advance and test a hypothesis which accounts for systematic discrepancies between RD-1- and 10-K-based estimates of company R&D. We also develop estimates of the extent of measurement error reflected in the various measures of R&D, and suggest some modifications to the RD-1 survey.