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Modified Multinomial Bounds for Larger Number of Errors in Audits.

The Accounting Review 1982 57(2), 384-400
A modification of the multinomial bound has been developed which enables the auditor to obtain bounds for substantially larger numbers of errors in audit samples than was possible previously. In this paper, the characteristics of this modified bound are examined and compared with those of the widely used Stringer bound. It is found that the modified multinomial bound is usually considerably tighter than the Stringer bound and should be useful in many audit applications. The confidence level of the modified multinomial bound is also investigated by sampling simulation, and it is found that the level exceeds or is close to the nominal level for all populations studied.

Task Complexity and Leadership Effectiveness in CPA Firms.

The Accounting Review 1982 57(4), 734-750
This study examines the leader/subordinate relationship between in-charge auditors and their staff assistants. Path-goal theory is used as a framework to analyze the effect of in-charge leader behavior on staff assistant satisfaction and motivation. The hypothesis is that the effects of leader behavior (i.e., consideration and initiating structure) are contingent upon the assistant's perception of task complexity, This hypothesis is supported by survey research using auditors working for four Big Eight accounting firms. Limitations and areas for future research are also discussed.