In the context of "General-Price-Level-Adjusted Historical-Cost Statements and the Ratio-Scale View" (GPLAHCSATRSV), the ratio-scale view is the position that general-price-level-adjusted historical-cost statements are produced via the extensive ratio scale and related positive similarity transformations. One of the major conclusions of GPLAHCSATRSV is that this view is very likely to be invalid as a consequence of problems which the author terms the objects, property, operations, and index difficulties. Accounting direct measures may constitute measures of a property which are produced via the intensive ratio scale. The article concludes that Abdel-Magid's commentary fails to consider a difficulty which is relevant to the extensive-ratio-scale version of the ratio-scale view and which is the only difficulty that he considers relevant to the question of the validity of the intensive-ratio-scale version of the ratio-scale view. This deficiency implies that Abdel-Magid's commentary fails to achieve its stated objective.
CPA practitioners and accounting educators are equally interested in the undergraduate accounting curriculum. In 1976, the Committee on Professional Examinations of the American Accounting Association surveyed schools of business to determine the level of content at which 72 topics were being taught in undergraduate accounting programs. This article summarizes a similar survey sent to the 100 largest CPA firms in the United States and compares the results with the AAA survey.
In summary, legitimate legal research methodology has as its foundation the advocacy posture present in any legal forum empowered to resolve conflicting issues. In the tax area the interest of revenue collection collides with the interest of tax minimization. Only through pursuing the arguments on either side of an issue can a solution be obtained. The macro-case analysis approach discussed by Misiewicz is not an effective substitute for traditional legal research methodology.
Several commentators have examined the valuation process for property and closely held stock in estate, gift, and income tax cases in the federal courts. Examination of court determined values led many to conclude that the courts do not actually value property or closely held stock but rather serve as compromisers between the two opposing parties in litigation. The implications for tax counsel and public policy are extremely significant if this charge is supported by fact. The major purpose of this study is to demonstrate statistically that the Tax Court does not act in a manner consistent with a "compromiser model" in federal income tax valuations of property for charitable contribution purposes. A simple regression model is used to test the relationship between the Tax Court determined values and a compromise value--the arithmetic mean of taxpayer and IRS value estimates. In addition, chi-square analysis indicates that the Tax Court did not value one type of property more strictly or generously than other types.
The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the information content of executive earnings forecasts, as measured by changes in trading activity, differed depending on (1) the forecast horizon and (2) the magnitude of the predicted earnings change. The results of the study indicate that the information content of shorter term and longer term forecasts was virtually the same. With respect to the magnitude of the predicted earnings change, the results indicate that predictions of relatively large changes in earnings (greater than 40 percent) were associated with large changes in trading activity. However, no statistically significant relation between predicted earnings change and changes in trading activity was observed.