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The Price Effects of Increased Competition in Auction Markets

The Review of Economics and Statistics 1987 69(1), 24
Bidding theory predicts low er selling winning bids (higher buying winning bids) as numbers of bidders incre ase. Alternative versions predict that winning bids fall (rise) with the second order statistic, the maximum order statistic, or 1/N. The authors test these pre dictions using data on underwriters' spreads on tax exempt bonds, offshore oil t racts, and National Forest timber. They estimate winning bids using general vari ables for the product and dummies for 1, 2, . . .11 bidders. In all cases mor e bidders meansignificantly lower (selling) winning bids. The expected maximum order statistic fits better than either the second order statistic or1/N, in te n out of twelve cases.

A Comparison of the Stochastic Processes of Structural and Time-Series Exchange-Rate Models

The Review of Economics and Statistics 1987 69(3), 496
Arnold Zellner and Franz Palm (1974) show that comparing the actual with the implied stochastic process es generating the endogenous variables in a system of dynamic structu ral equations provides important information about the system's corre ct specification. The authors apply their methodology to structural e xchange-rate models. They find that the log of the bilateral exchange rate is generally well approximated by a random-walk model. Thus, th e stochastic processes generating the exogenous variables should also be random-walk models, which in not borne out by our empirical resul ts. They suggest a reconciliation of their results based on a decompo sition technique developed by Stephen Beveridge and Charles R. Nelson (1981).