Knowledge that Transforms

Journal Article Interest on Capital and Distribution: A Problem in the Theory of Marginal Productivity Get access Wassily Leontief Wassily Leontief Harvard University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 49, Issue 1, November 1934, Pages 147–161, https://doi.org/10.2307/1883881 Published: 01 November 1934

I. Various meanings of "period, " 376. — II. Indices referred to "normal" are oscillatory, 378. — III. Statistical findings of cycle analysis, 380. — IV. Hidden periods indeterminable by cycle analysis, 384. — V. The periodogram; general theory, 387. — VI. Periodograms of special types of oscillation, 390. — VII. Illustration of effects of complex interference, 394. — VIII. Two rules and their limitations, 397. — IX. The periodograms for business activity, 400. — X. Details of the periodogram for 1790–1859, 400. — XI. Brief notes on the other periodograms, 405. — XII. Forecasting from the sinusoidal expressions, 407. — XIII. Schuster's statistical test for significance of periods, 409. — XIV. The number of "independent elements" in the series, 411. — XV. A crucial experiment, 413.

I. The legal basis of price maintenance in Great Britain, 620; government reports of 1920 and 1931, 622. — II. Movement toward group action, 623; general purpose of associations, 624; forms of organization, 625. — III. Methods of enforcing prices; collecting evidence, warning, etc., 625; the Stop List, 626; the problem of non-members, 626; relations with third parties who have purchased indirectly, 627. — IV. The relative effectiveness of price control; the problem of the coöperative societies, 628; the resistances within private enterprise; numbers of members of trade, 630; complexity of trade channels, 630; nature of product, 631; strength of opposing interests, 633. — V. Fundamental tendencies; rigidity and stability of price system, 635; emphasis on merchandising services, 639; growth in and limitation of, numbers of dealers, 639; the demand for intertrade coöperation, 640; effects upon types of dealers, 641. — VI. Application to the United States, 643.

I. The “purchasing power” argument of the silver interests, and its political importance, 245. — II. China not on the silver standard: the paper currencies, 249; variety of silver coins and weights, 250; copper coins, 251. — Money changing, 252. — Independent price levels, 254. — III. Hoarding of silver: in coin, 255; in ornaments, 256. — The price of silver: demand, 257; supply, 259. — Influence of conditions in China: warfare, 260; modernization, 264. — IV. Effects upon prices: in the interior, 267; in Shanghai, 268. — V. Chinese opinion primarily concerned with problem of uniformity rather than stability, 273. — Interpretation of the evidence, 277. — Conclusion, 280.

Jevons' analysis, 2.— Other theories of cyclical relations: Moore, 4; Huntington, 5.— The solar cycle, 7.— Correlation between solar and economic cycles, 9.—Changes in solar cycles and economic series, 10. — Variation in latitude of sunspots and index of physical production, 11.— Correlation between solar cycles and non-agricultural series, 13. — The explanation of this relation, 23.— Theories: Pigou, 26.— Hexter, 28.— Vallot, 29.— Effect of ultraviolet rays, 31. — The electrical hypothesis, 33.— The volcanic dust theory, 35.— Correlation between temperature and business activity, 38.— Correlation between monthly figures of the "preferred solar constant, " business activity, and solar radiation, 42.— The last depression and the psychological theory, 45. — Monthly variations in speculation and solar activity for 1929, 46. — Sunspots in the central zone and speculation, 49. — Conclusion, 51.

I. It is my purpose in the following pages to set out what appear to me to be the principal points of significance for economic theory in the doctrines relating to Imperfect Competition that have been recently evolved.2 I propose to divide this into three parts, their significance for equilibrium theory, their significance for the theory of the optimum, and their significance for trade cycle theory.

I. Professor Robbins' tendency to “Radical Positivism” — The incompatibility of the means-end schema with the ideal of economics as a “positive” science in this sense, 512. — Criticism of his “atomism,” 516. — II. Outline of the general chain of means-ends relationships as a schema for classification of the sciences of action, 521. — The place of the “economic” element, 522. — Critical application to Professor Souter's position, 529. — His empiricist tendency and its implications, 534. — III. Some special problems: “Formalism,” 536. — Economic law and the realm of the “irrational,” 538. — Precision, Dynamics, 540. — Conclusion, 543.

Journal Article More Pitfalls in Demand and Supply Curve Analysis Get access Ragnar Frisch Ragnar Frisch University of Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 48, Issue 4, August 1934, Pages 749–755, https://doi.org/10.2307/1883550 Published: 01 August 1934

Two notions often lumped together, 104.— The idea of normal profits, 106.— Not connected with perfect competition, 107.— Two levels of normal profits, 108.— Conditions necessary for perfect competition: the character of the market, 112; the number of firms selling in the market, 114.— The assumption that the output of other firms remains unchanged, 117.— Conclusion, 119.

Introduction, 203. — I. The German labor movement before 1918, 204; during the Revolution, 205; under the Weimar Constitution, 207; course of events thereafter, 208. — II. The development of the trade unions, 209; of collective bargaining, 212; the arbitration system, 215. — III. The works councils, 217; the economic council, 219. — IV. The labor law, 220. — V. The rise of National Socialism, 222; the position of labor under the Hitler government, 224.