U NTIL now, much of dynamical economic analysis has been concerned with the business cycle. This may seem so natural as to be hardly worthy of explicit comment. Nevertheless, it was not inevitable; and if in the future the business cycle, as we have known it, should undergo extreme modifications, a need for dynamical analysis in connection with many economic problems would still exist. Thus, we should still need a theory of the path by which a given market approaches its equilibrium position, not for sake of the theory alone, but for the information that such knowledge throws upon the direction of displacement of the new equilibrium position as well.' In comparatively recent times, significant advances have been made in analytical dynamics. A rigorous differentiation between statics and stationariness, between dynamics and history, is now possible. The present essay attempts, first, to elucidate the nature of these concepts and to contrast them with some other prevalent usages of the terms; and, second, by means of the concepts to go back to analyze the very important notion of the circular flowo. In doing so, I am not attempting to improve upon what I consider a logically consistent argument, but rather am endeavoring to amplify the discussion at critical points where confusion has arisen.

Explains the taxonomy of changing factor shares in a competitive industry as factor supplies (or prices) shift. Description of the neoclassical production function; Changes in factors that are related to the partial elasticities concepts; Duality relations that hold for the minimum-unit cost function. (Из Ebsco)

Ricardo is shown to be right that machinery can hurt wages and reduce output. A dramatic robot example reveals Wicksell's error in believing that Pareto optimality calls for no drop in total output from a viable invention. Under Ricardo's axiom that labor supply adjusts to keep wages at the subsistence level, he can correctly deduce on a market-clearing basis a rise in his net product (rent plus interest), while the greater drop in population and total wages result in a reduction in his gross product (rent plus interest plus wages).