Le Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) et l’International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), dans leur projet conjoint de norme relative à la présentation des états financiers, remettent à l’étude les éléments de base de la présentation des états financiers. Les discussions préliminaires des deux organismes dans le cadre de ce projet indiquent qu’ils entendent modifier les états financiers exigés de manière à accroître la proximité de l’information liée à la performance relative à chaque période. Les auteurs apportent des preuves en ce qui a trait à ce changement potentiel en analysant l’incidence de la proximité de l’information contenue dans les états financiers sur la capacité des investisseurs d’assimiler les propriétés sérielles des données relatives aux flux de trésorerie et aux régularisations qui sont présentées, pertinentes à la formulation de prévisions. Ils examinent également le rôle que joue l’information rétroactive dans cette relation. Les résultats expérimentaux de l’étude semblent indiquer que les investisseurs non professionnels sont en mesure d’assimiler plus rapidement la relation entre les flux de trésorerie et les régularisations de la période courante et la matérialisation des flux de trésorerie futurs lorsque l’information contenue dans les états financiers est présentée dans un seul état plutôt que lorsqu’elle est subdivisée en deux états. Les auteurs constatent en outre que les investisseurs non professionnels affichent des degrés plus faibles d’erreurs prévisionnelles absolues et une dispersion des prévisions moins grande lorsque l’information contenue dans les états financiers leur est communiquée dans un seul état. Enfin, les auteurs démontrent que les investisseurs non professionnels à qui sont communiquées sur une seule page des observations rétroactives exhaustives quant aux résultats assimilent plus rapidement l’information au départ et, une fois l’apprentissage intégré, formulent des prévisions exactes avec plus de régularité que les investisseurs à qui sont communiquées en deux pages des observations rétroactives, exhaustives ou limitées. Dans l’ensemble, les résultats de l’étude tendent à démontrer l’efficacité des solutions de rechange quant à la présentation des états financiers et l’utilité potentielle de la communication d’observations rétroactives plus exhaustives.

The ability to develop bots to automate tasks and processes using robotic process automation (RPA) is receiving significant attention in accounting. Auditors often struggle to know what tasks to automate and how to prioritize bot development. Drawing upon socio‐technical systems (STS) theory and using a design science methodology, we develop and validate a three‐step evaluation framework to assist auditors as they decide what activities to automate. We validate this framework using interviews, surveys of experienced internal and external auditors, and two case studies. By developing and validating our framework through the lens of STS theory, we also provide several insights that help explain the mixed findings in prior research regarding the effectiveness and adoption of emerging technologies in audit. The implications of our study yield many opportunities for future research in the areas of RPA and emerging technologies in audit.

We examine whether firms with managers that have prior internal audit experience are less likely to manage earnings. This examination is important because the internal audit function (IAF) is uniquely positioned to provide experiences that could influence future managerial behavior, including limiting the potential negative repercussions of earnings management. We find that firms with managers that have internal audit experience are associated with lower real earnings management (REM) but not accruals‐based earnings management. Effects are strongest when managers with internal audit experience have greater power or currently hold financial roles, or when there are a greater number of managers with internal audit experience. The results are robust to including firm fixed effects, using entropy‐balancing and performance‐matching approaches, using a subsample of firm‐years required to have an IAF, using a subsample of firms for which we can measure IAF quality, and measuring internal audit experience at a previous employer. These results point to an important benefit of manager internal audit experience, as research suggests that REM is common, difficult to detect, not always within the scope of financial reporting regulators, and detrimental to future performance.

We characterize the operating-activities section of the indirect-approach statement of cash flows as backward because it presents reconciling adjustments in a way that is opposite from the intuitively appealing, future-oriented, Conceptual Framework definitions of assets, liabilities, and the accruals process. We propose that the reversed-accruals orientation required in the currently mandated indirect-approach statement of cash flows is unnecessarily complex, causing information-processing problems that result in increased cash flow forecast error and dispersion. We also predict that the mixed pattern (i.e., +/−, −/+) of operating cash flows and operating accruals reported by most companies impedes investors’ ability to learn the time-series properties of cash flows and accruals. We conduct a carefully controlled experiment and find that (1) cash flow forecasts have lower forecast error and dispersion when the indirect-approach statement of cash flows starts with operating cash flows and adds changes in accruals to arrive at net income and (2) cash flow forecasts have lower forecast error and dispersion when the cash flows and accruals are of the same sign (i.e., +/+, −/−); with the sign-based difference attenuated in the forward-oriented statement of cash flows. We also conduct a quasi-experiment to test our mixed-sign versus same-sign hypotheses using archival samples of publicly available I/B/E/S and Value Line cash flow forecasts. We find that the passively observed samples of cash flow forecasts exhibit a similar pattern of mixed-sign versus same-sign forecast error as documented in our experiment.

Recent technological advances make it possible to create automated virtual interviewers, called embodied conversational agents (ECAs). We study how an ECA compares to a human interviewer in three experiments. In experiment 1, we show that two theoretically motivated factors—making the ECA facially and vocally similar to the interviewee—result in the ECA performing similarly to or better than human interviewers for six antecedents of disclosure quality. In two additional experiments, we show that employees are, on average, 21 to 32 percent more likely to disclose violating internal controls to an ECA than to a human, even if the human interviewer has significant interviewing experience. These findings contribute to the ECA design literature by showing that similarity-enhancing features of ECAs increase the antecedents of disclosure. The findings also contribute to the accounting literature by demonstrating that ECA technology can increase the scope of interviewing in accounting without reducing interview quality.