Abstract Patterns of teaching in many areas of education today seem to emphasize learning by memorization. This often is initiated by the presentation of certain data in lecture form. The student is then expected to return the same data to the teacher in written form at examination time. Since almost all students are likely to be subjected to this type of learning process during a large portion of their high school and some of their college courses, the accounting teacher usually faces the difficult task of remolding the student's learning habits to encourage him to develop the reasoning and thinking abilities so necessary to the accountant. The teacher has to develop his presentation and examinations in such a way that the student is forced into the new pattern of learning. One means of aiding this development is to organize class data into a logical, related body of knowledge. Points which need to be memorized or learned out of relationship with any other material should be set out clearly and designated as such. The elementary accounting student needs to master certain definitions and the accounting equation at the outset. The student can be shown how these terms relate to business operations. This establishes a common basis for communication relative to the information to be presented.

Reviews the book "Audits of Voluntary Health and Welfare Organizations."

Reviews the book "Standards of Accounting and Financial Reporting for Voluntary Health and Welfare Organizations."

Abstract Reviews the book "An Introduction to Flow of Funds Accounting," by Kyojiro Someya.

Abstract This article discusses the matching concept in accounting as defined by the 1964 Concepts and Standards Research Study Committee of the American Accounting Association. The committee first considered whether the matching convention is still a useful concept to guide financial reporting practices. Since the fundamental long-term objective of a business entity is to earn a profit, this financial data, to be most meaningful, should include information about profit determinants, including costs and revenues. Only by including these data can the reasons for and the extent of progress of the entity toward its primary objective be disclosed. Following this thought a bit further, one's judgment regarding the effectiveness of a specific effort is improved if it can be related to its contribution toward the recognized objective of the entity. In business operations, costs, defined as resources given up or economic sacrifices made are incurred with the anticipation that they will produce revenue in excess of the outlay. Within this frame of reference, one can then say that costs constitute one measure of business effort, and revenues represent accomplishments coming from those efforts.