This paper examines whether promotion-based tournament incentives affect corporate dividend payouts. Using the pay gap between the CEO and non-CEO executives as a proxy for tournament incentives, we find that tournament incentives are negatively related to corporate dividends. Further analyses show that the negative effect is stronger in firms that are financially constrained, have volatility in cash flows and earnings, and operate in less homogeneous industries. We also provide evidence that tournament incentives are positively related to payout flexibility. Our findings are consistent with the notion that firms reduce dividends to mitigate potential cash shortfalls associated with increased risk-taking induced by tournament incentives.

This paper investigates the effect of firms’ tournament-based incentives (TI) on leasing. Measuring TI as the pay gap between the chief executive officer (CEO) and non-CEO executives, we find that firms with higher TI have a higher propensity to lease than purchase assets. Cross-sectional analyses suggest that this positive association is stronger for firms with high information asymmetry, low creditworthiness, and high cash-flow uncertainty. Consistent with “financial contracting” motivations of the lease suggested by Smith and Wakeman (1985), our findings indicate that, when risky corporate activities induced by TI lead to an increased agency cost of debt, leasing could more likely be used to economize on the costly external finances.