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Some empirical evidence on the stability of accounting error characteristics over time*

Contemporary Accounting Research 1987 4(1), 210-226
Abstract. This paper extends the analysis of previous research to provide evidence on the behavior of error characteristics over time. We find that while, in aggregate, accounting errors tend to be stable over time, the sources of these errors tend to be unstable. Thus, time series modeling of internal controls in external audits may be fruitful only at sufficiently high levels of aggregation. Résumé. Cet article élargit l'analyse contenue dans les recherches antérieures afin de fournir des preuves quant au comportement des caractéristiques des erreurs dans le temps. Nous constatons que bien qu'au total les erreurs comptables ont tendance à étre stables dans le temps, les sources de ces erreurs ont plutôt tendance à varier. Dès lors, la modélisation des séries chronologiques relatives aux contrôles internes dans le contexte de missions de vérification externe ne peut être profitable qu'à des niveaux d'agrégation suffisamment élevés.

A note on the neutrality of internal control systems in audit practice*

Contemporary Accounting Research 1986 2(2), 311-317
Abstract. The purpose of this note is to provide empirical evidence concerning the assumption of internal controls neutrality, with respect to compliance testing, using either monetary unit sampling or physical unit selection. The results do not support the neutrality assumption. Thus, an amendment of the present professional guidelines for auditors regarding compliance testing may be warranted. Résumé. L'objectif de cette note est de fournir une évidence empirique relative à l'hypothèse de neutralité des contrôles internes en rapport avec les tests de conformité, en utilisant soit le sondage des unités monétaires ou le sondage des unités physiques. Les résultats n'appuient pas l'hypothèse de neutralité. Alors, un amendement aux guides professionnels actuels pour les vérificateurs est justifié dans le cas des tests de conformité.

An Empirical Study of Error Characteristics in Accounting Populations.

The Accounting Review 1985 60(3), 387-406
Abstract ABSTRACT: This paper reports the error characteristics of five accounting categories using a new data set consisting of errors discovered during the audits of 20 companies throughout five years. The shape and variability of error amount distributions are described as well as the magnitude, direction, and types of errors making up these distributions. Four error rates are defined and their distributions presented and analyzed. Finally, three environmental factors (accounting category, industry, and firm-specific characteristics) are investigated for their impact on errors and error rates. In addition, the effect of firm size on error rates is tested.