I. Importance of the distinction between individual and social points of view, 115. — II. General meaning of the social point of view, 121. — 1. What is society? 121. — (1) Social-contract theory, 122. — (2) Social-organism theory, 123. — (3) Common-consciousness theory, 126. — (4) Conscious-commonness theory, 128. — 2. The application of the concept of society, 132. — (1) Society as a whole, 133. — (2) The social individual, 133. — III. The special meaning of the social point of view in economics, 136.